194 Chapter Eight The Steletal System: Axial Sheleton 33. Describe the two point

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194 Chapter Eight The Steletal System: Axial Sheleton 33. Describe the two points of articulation between a rib and the thoracic vertebrae. 34. a. The manubrium of the sternum articulates with rib and the body of the sternum articulates with ribs to -. Does the mphoid process articulate with the ribs? b. True ribs articulate with the sternum by individual costal cartilages. The true ribs are to, The rest (ribs to ) are false ribs. The two false ribs that are also floating ribs are ribs Can You Synthesize What You've Learned? 35. Why do the fontanels persist until well after the birth of an infant? 36. How night the bifid spinous processes of cervical vertebrae affect anterior-posterior movement in the cervical region of the vertebral column? 37. How do the superior and inferior articular processes of the atlas differ from the same processes on a "typicel" vertebra? How does this difference contribute to the special movement allowed at the atlanto-occipital and atlentoaxial joints? 38. Notice that when two lumbar vertebrae are put together, ittle to no lsteral rotation is allowed because af the shape of the articulating bones. Why do you think they interact in this manner? 39. What part of the vertebral column is remaved when a laminectomy is performed? 40. Needles inserted into the thoracic cavity must always be placed along the superior border of a rib so as not to injure important structures. What important structures could be damaged by insertion of a needle too close to the inferior border of a rib? (Hint: Refer to table 8.5)

Explanation / Answer

33.Ribs comprise of a set of twelve bones forming a protective cage and protects the internal organs .they also expand and facilitate the inflation of lungs during breathing.

The ribs are attached to the vertebral column posteriorly and each rib forms two joints namely the costo transverse joint and the Costo vertebral joint.

Costo transverse joint is the articulation of the tubercle of the rib, and the transverse Costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae they are reinforced by the dorsal Costo transverse ligaments.

Costovertebral joints refer to the articulations that connect the head of the ribs with the bodies of the thoraicic vertebrae.the ribs join the vertebra at two points the head and the tubercle.The head attaches to the two adjacent vertebrathrough the two convex facets forming the synovial planar joint strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament

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