Considering the carbonic anhydrase reaction, which of the following would cause
ID: 3478609 • Letter: C
Question
Considering the carbonic anhydrase reaction, which of the following would cause an increase in blood pH levels? [select all that apply]
a. an increase in CO2 production by muscle tissue.
b. diffusion of CO2 from capillaries to the alveoli.
c.a decrease in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
d.an increase in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
Which of the following explains why hemoglobin in RBCs binds to O2 in lung tissue but releases O2 in other tissues? [select all that apply]
a.pH is lower at the lungs than the tissues
b.PCO2 is lower in the lungs than the other tissues.
c.2,3-DPG is produced at higher levels in the other tissues compared to the lungs
d. the temperature of the lungs is higher compared to the rest of the body.
Which of the following best describes inspiratory neural activity during quiet breathing? (select one)
a.Neural activity decreases throughout inspiration and rapidly increases during expiration indicating expiration requires more muscle activity than inspiration.
b.Neural activity increases throughout inspiration and rapidly decreases during expiration indicating expiration is primarily due to the elasticity of the respiratory muscles
c.Neural activity increases throughout inspiration and rapidly decreases during expiration indicating expiration is primarily due to the elasticity of the lung tissue
Which of these will increase O2 diffusion from the alveoli? (select one)
a.an increase in the thickness of the alveolar surfactant
b.increase in hemoglobin affinity for O2.
c.a decrease in alveoli surface area
Of the three ways CO2 is transported to the lungs from the tissues, which of the following is used to transport the majority of CO2 to the lungs and which is used to transport the least? Order all answers, 1 being the most used transportation method and 3 being the lowest.
-CO2 bound to hemoglobin
-in the form of HCO3-
-soluble CO2 in the plasma
Explanation / Answer
Q.1 Considering the carbonic anhydrase reaction, which of the following would cause an increase in blood pH levels? [select all that apply]
a. an increase in CO2 production by muscle tissue.
b. diffusion of CO2 from capillaries to the alveoli.
c. a decrease in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
d. an increase in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
A. b. diffusion of CO2 from capillaries to the alveoli, c. a decrease in dissolved CO2 in the plasma.
At the level of alveoli, carbonic anhydrase causes breakdown of carbonic acid into water and carbon dioxide. This causes an increase in blood pH (a decrease in H+ ion concentration). Similarly, if the CO2 concentration from plasma is decreased, carbonic anhydrase won't be able to catalyze more quantities of carbonic acid which can increase the blood pH.
Q.2 Which of the following explains why hemoglobin in RBCs binds to O2 in lung tissue but releases O2 in other tissues? [select all that apply]
a. pH is lower at the lungs than the tissues
b. pCO2 is lower in the lungs than the other tissues.
c. 2,3-DPG is produced at higher levels in the other tissues compared to the lungs
d. the temperature of the lungs is higher compared to the rest of the body.
A. b. pCO2 is lower in the lungs than the other tissues.
Lower levels of pCO2 promotes binding of O2 in the lung tissues.
Q. 3 Which of the following best describes inspiratory neural activity during quiet breathing? (select one)
a.Neural activity decreases throughout inspiration and rapidly increases during expiration indicating expiration requires more muscle activity than inspiration.
b.Neural activity increases throughout inspiration and rapidly decreases during expiration indicating expiration is primarily due to the elasticity of the respiratory muscles
c.Neural activity increases throughout inspiration and rapidly decreases during expiration indicating expiration is primarily due to the elasticity of the lung tissue
A. Options b and c are same here and can be considered as an answer to this question, but option d needed for further clarity.
Q. 4 Which of these will increase O2 diffusion from the alveoli? (select one)
a. an increase in the thickness of the alveolar surfactant
b. increase in hemoglobin affinity for O2.
c. a decrease in alveoli surface area
A. b. increase in hemoglobin affinity for O2.
If there is an increase in hemoglobin affinity for O2, then there are more chances of formation of oxyhemoglobin acid which will help in transport of more oxygen to the alveolar walls.
Q.5 Of the three ways CO2 is transported to the lungs from the tissues, which of the following is used to transport the majority of CO2 to the lungs and which is used to transport the least? Order all answers, 1 being the most used transportation method and 3 being the lowest.
-CO2 bound to hemoglobin
-in the form of HCO3-
-soluble CO2 in the plasma
A. 1. -in the form of HCO3-
2. -CO2 bound to hemoglobin
3. -soluble CO2 in the plasma
The widely used method to transport CO2 in our body is by ionic means - in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate. The second widely used method of CO2 transport is using our blood using carbaminohemoglobin compounds and least is a soluble form of CO2 in our plasma which produces carbonic acid.
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