ology 22 Homework: Nervous/Sensory/Muscle Name: You are standing in line at the
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ology 22 Homework: Nervous/Sensory/Muscle Name: You are standing in line at the grocery store check-out line. You focus your eyes on the elderly women in front of you, Immediately her stature reminds you of your grandmother Simultaneously you get a whiff the women's perfume, which reminds you even more of your grandmother. What neural "circuit" is a work here? Why? What part of the brain is processing that memory? 1. Your friend has just baked her latest "new" dessert. She blindfolds you and asks you to taste the dessert. You take a bite and instantly recognize the sweetness of chocolate. Describe the series of events that just took place from biting into the dessert to recognizing the taste of chocolate (as described in class-be specific) 2. 3. Draw the neuromuscular junction and explain all the details of the events occurring between the neuron and plasma membrane of the muscle cell and the actin and myosin as the muscle contracts.Explanation / Answer
1. The electrical impulses generated by the olfactory epithelium cell are transmitted via olfactory nerve in the central olfactory system located in the limbic system. A branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal is the vehicle for the perception of irritation at the nose, the nasopharynx, and the oropharynx as well as the sensation of taste and smell.
The trigeminal nerve also contributes to assess the odor perception magnitude even without irritation.
2. Neural systems for smell and taste are distinct from one another, the sensations of flavors and aromas often work together, especially during eating. Another similarity between these systems is the constant turnover of olfactory and gustatory receptor cells. The electrical message from a taste receptor goes directly to the terminal of a primary taste receptor goes directly to the terminal of a primary taste sensory neuron, which is in contact with the receptor cell right in the taste bud. The cell bodies of these neurons are in the brainstem i.e. lower part of the brain, below the cerebrum and their axons form pathways in several cranial nerves. Once these nerve cells get electrical messages from the taste cells, they, in turn, pass the messages on through relay neurons to two major centers: the limbic system and the cerebral cortex.
3.
i. Release of ACh: When a nerve impulse reaches a synaptic end bulb, it triggers the release of the neurotransmitter ACh from synaptic vesicles that contain ACh. ACh then diffuses across the synaptic cleft between the motor neuron and the motor end plate.
ii. Activation of ACh receptors: The motor end plate contains receptors onto which the free ACh binds after diffusing across the synaptic cleft. The binding of ACh to ACh receptors in the motor end plate causes ion channels to open and allow the sodium ions to flow across the membrane into the muscle cell.
iii. Generation of muscle action potential: The flow of sodium ions across the membrane into the muscle cell generates a muscle action potential. The action potential then travels along the sarcolemma and through T-tubules.
iv. Breakdown of ACh: The ACh that is released at step I is only available to take part in step II for a short time before it is broken down by an enzyme call acetylcholinesterase.
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