Use the following answer code to compare the relative magnitudes of the pair of
ID: 3479535 • Letter: U
Question
Use the following answer code to compare the relative magnitudes of the pair of items in the question. Write the letter (A,B, or C) in the space provided.
A. item A is greater than item B
B. item B is greater than item A
C. item A and item B are approximately equal
1. A. Vital capacity in someone with normal lung function
B. Vital capacity in someone with a restrictive lung disease
2. A. lung compliance in someone with normal lung function
B. lung compliance in someone with a restrictive lung disease
3. A. lung compliance in someone with normal lung function
B. lung compliance in someone with an obstructive lung disease
4. A. FEV1 in someone with normal lung function
B. FEV1 in someone with a restrictive lung disease
5. A. FEV1 in someone with normal lung function
B. FEV1 in someone with an obstructive lung disease
6. A. Total lung capacity in men
B. Total lung capactity in women
Explanation / Answer
1) Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that an individual exhales from the lungs after maximum inhalation. In restrictive disease, there is restriction in expansion causing decreased lung volume. Hence, the vital capacity is decreased. The FEV1/FVC ratio is forced expiratory volume in one second / the forced vital capacity. The FEV1/FVC ratio in normal adults is 75-80% while in restrictive lung disease it is greater than 80% (around 90%). Hence, vital capacity is decreased in restrictive lung disease as compared to normal.
Item A will be greater than item B.
Option A.
2) Lung compliance is the ability of the lung to stretch and expand. It is calculated as C= Change in volume/change in pressure. In restrictive lung disease, the lung compliance reduces. This reduction increases the stiffness of lung to limit expansion. FEV1 levels are higher than normal while the FVC levels are lower.
Item A will be greater than item B.
Option A.
3. In obstructive lung disease, there is increase in resistance due to obstruction of airways. Normal breathing does not increase pressure volume in these individual. However, when breathing is faster, the pressure volume is increased to overcome the resistance to flow. Lung compliance is higher in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Item B is greater than item A.
Option B.
4. Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) in individuals with restrictive lung disease is reduced as compared to normal individual. It is the volume of air expelled in the first second of the forced expiration.
Item A is greater than item B.
Option A.
5. FEV1 levels are lower in obstructive lung disease as compared to normal lung as there is obstruction to air escaping from the lungs.
Item A is greater than item B.
Option A.
6. Lung capacity depends on the body size. Women have 10-20% smaller lungs as compared to men of same height and weight. Hence, women will have smaller lung capacity than men.
Item A is greater than item B.
Option A.
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