12)nephrons are the least common pro type ol nephron tound) in bumans and are as
ID: 3480994 • Letter: 1
Question
12)nephrons are the least common pro type ol nephron tound) in bumans and are aswociated with urine. A) Juxtamedullary; sweet B) Cortical; concentrated C) Cortical; dilute D) Juxtamedullary; concentrated E) Juxtamedullary; dilute 13) Dalton's Law states that A) gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of gas B) in a mixture of gases like air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial the mixture. C) gas volume and pressure are directly proportional. D) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. E) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solution is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressures of thve gases in pressure. 14) The in the DCTs and collecting ducts function in maintaining acid and base balance A) intercalated cells B) podocytes C) macula densa cells D) principal cells E) juxtaglomerular (granular) cells 15) MHC class I receptors are associated with A) red blood cells B) lymphocytes and macrophages C) any nucleated cell D) all of the above E) A and C only kidneys is to 16) The role of the countercurrent exchanger mechanism in the A) produce a glucose gradient that will facilitate the reabsorption of glucose B) p C) produce D) m E) move water from the interstitial fluid into the nephron via osmosis roduce a salt gradient that will allow the nephrons to retain salt ions osmolality) in the pyramids a concentration gradient (increase the aintain the concentration (osmolality) gradient in the pyramids 17) During exhalation, the diaphragm will relax and internal intercostal muscles will contract and A) decrease the size of the thoracic cavity B) decrease the intrapulmonary pressure C) increase the intrapleural pressure D) increase the size of the thoracic cavity E) both A and CExplanation / Answer
Hi,
12. D.
Juxtaglomerular nephrons are found in mammals and in birds, they are relatively rate comprising only 20% of all nephrons. They produce the osmotic gradient which concentrates the urine.
13. B
Daltons law: In a mixture of non-reactive gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of individual gases.
14. A
Intercalated cells are epithelial cells traditionally associated with acid-base balance.
15. C.
MHC stands for a major histocompatibility complex. It determines the self-cells and foreign(non-self) cells and aids immune cells to remove the non-self-cells from the body.
16. D.
The absorbed water in the kidneys returns to the blood via vasa recta. This surrounds the tips of loops of Henle. They breakup into small vessels and continue towards the apex of the pyramid. Since the movement is slow, the solutes can move in and out of these vessels, maintaining a concentration gradient.
17. E. During exhalation, the air is breathed out relaxing the diaphragm. This reduces the thoracic cavity size and volume and also the intrapleural pressure increases. Intrapleural pressure is always negative and acts as a suction to keep the lungs inflated.
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