Draw/create a concept map.The purpose of this assignment is to facilitate your u

Question

Draw/create a concept map.The purpose of this assignment is to facilitate your understanding of the integrated nature of physiological processes in the body at rest and during exercise. You must include, but are not limited to, the following terms in your map. *All terms must have at least one connection, and all connections must have an explanation:

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Actin

Myosin

Motor Unit

ATP

Eccentric

Concentric

Isometric

Blood Flow

Parasympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Lactic acid

Force

Fiber Type

Fiber Size

Optimal sarcomere length

Speed of Contraction

Frequency of Stimulation

Explanation / Answer

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies
smooth muscle and glands, and thus influence the function of internal organs.
The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and
regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate,
urination etc.
The autonomic nervous system has three branches:

Sympathetic nervous system stimulates the body's fight-or-flight response. The sympathetic nervous system act complementary to the parasympathetic nervous system.

Parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for all the bodily activities that take place when the individual is at rest. For this reason, the parasympathetic nervous system is known as the “rest and digest” part of the nervous system.

Myocytes

The cells found in the muscle tissues are known as Myocytes.They are specialized cells with various properties for a specialized purpose. They classified as  

Skeletal muscle is a form of striated muscle tissue which is under the 'voluntary' control of the somatic nervous system.Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons.
The cytoplasm of the myocytes known as sarcoplasm contains large amounts of glycosomes and significant amounts of myoglobin, an oxygen-binding protein. The basic rod-like unit of a muscle cell are known as myofibrils.

Myofibrils

Myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional units of the muscle fiber. In addition to the actin and myosin, skeletal muscle fibers also contain two other
regulatory proteins, troponin, and tropomyosin, that are necessary for muscle contraction to occur. These proteins are associated with actin and cooperate to prevent its interaction with myosin. Skeletal muscle cells are excitable and are subject to depolarization by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, released at the neuromuscular junction by motor neurons. Once a cell is sufficiently stimulated, the cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum releases ionic calcium (Ca2+), which then interacts with the regulatory protein troponin. Calcium-bound troponin undergoes a conformational change that leads to the movement of tropomyosin, subsequently exposing the myosin-binding sites on actin. This allows for myosin and actin ATP-dependent cross-bridge cycling and shortening of the muscle.

When muscle contract normally, muscle shortening happens which generates
force. The muscle contracting happens in 3 different ways

Concentric Contraction
Contractions that permit the muscle to shorten are referred to as concentric contractions. When a muscle is activated and required to lift a load which is less than the maximum tetanic tension it can generate, the muscle begins to shorten.

Eccentric Contraction
Contractions that permit the muscle to lengthen are referred to as eccentric contractions.Contractions that permit the muscle to shorten are referred to as concentric contractions.During normal activity, muscles are often active while they are lengthening.E.g. During walking, when the quadriceps (knee extensors) are active just after heel strike while the knee flexes, or setting an object down gently.

Isometric Contraction
Contraction instead of being allowed to lengthen or shorten, it is held at a constant length is
known as Isometric Contraction.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse D
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.