1How is most oxygen transported in blood? How is most CO 2 transported in blood?

Question

1How is most oxygen transported in blood? How is most CO2 transported in blood?

2What is the main stimulus involved in the regulation of breathing rate?

3What factors promote oxygen unloading? Unloading?

4What comprises the respiratory membrane?

5What are the physical factors that influence pulmonary ventilation?

6Define intrapulmonary pressure and intrapleural pressure.

7What is produced by the liver that aids in digestion? Which class of nutrients does the product act upon?

8What are the primary secretions of the pancreas and what are the main functions of those secretions?

9What role does gastrin play?

10What blood condition can result from excessive vomiting?

11 How does filtrate from glomerular filtration compare to blood plasma (in regard to components that are found in each)?

12 What mechanism is involved in the maintenance of the osmotic gradient in the medulla of the kidneys?

13How is the concentration of urine regulated?

14 What is the function of the macula densa?

15Describe the location of the kidneys.

16Which ion is coupled with the reabsorption of glucose from the nephron?

17What systems are involved in maintaining blood pH?

Explanation / Answer

1. In blood by combined with oxygen.

Co2 by bicarbonate ion .

2increased in ci2 conc.

3 .main factor that cause unloading -

Increased co2,decreasee ph,increase in body temprature,increase in conc.of 2,3 DPG.

4alvolar epithellial cell and pulmonary capillary endothellial cell.

5 main physical factor 1.increase resistance

2 decrese in surface tenson.

6.expansion of lung is naturally attended by fall in pressure in the lung parenchyma called intrapulmonary pressute.in quite breathing intrapulmonary pressure equal to atm.pressure.

Intapleural pressure - at end expiration tendency of lung to recoil from chest wall is just baalnced by the recoil of chest wall to opposite direction .this cause a slight subatomospheric pressure to develop between two layer of pleura at the start of inspiration called intrapleural pressure.

7.bile secreted from liver .help in digestion of fat

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