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10. Which one of the following is released by the sympathetic nervous system to

ID: 3482582 • Letter: 1

Question

10. Which one of the following is released by the sympathetic nervous system to effectively constrict the arterioles of the glomerulus? A. atrial natriuretic peptide B. histamine C. antidiuretic hormone D. norepinephrine E. parathyroid hormone 11. Hormonal control of the GFR is from the renin-angiotensin mechanism which, when stimulated, ultimately results in the formation of angiotensin II which will cause A. dilation of the effort arteriole B. dilation of the afferent arteriole C. constriction of the tubule's D. constriction of the afferent and efferent arterioles E. dilation of the systemic vascular system

Explanation / Answer

10. The sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine, which controls the amount of blood that the kidney filters.

Ans: D. Norepinephrine

11. Angiotensin II reacts on the smooth muscle of the afferent & efferent arterioles causing vasoconstriction.

Ans: D.constriction of afferent & efferent arterioles.

19. If the Mean Arterial Pressure drops below 80mm Hg, then the sympathetic nervous system will override renal autoregulation. Alternative to sympathetic nervous system, renin secretion stimulated by the juxtaglomerular cells, activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Ans: E.both B & D

20. Angiotensin II acts at the Na/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney stimulating Na reabsorption and H+ excretion which in turn leads to water retention.

Ans: E.Water reabsorption

46. A: The professor is suffering from severe dehydration which has triggered metabolic acidosis.

B: During metabolic acidosis, respiration will increase to wash away the accumulated carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby decreasing the amount of acid in the blood. The central chemoreceptors are triggered by the low pH and increase the drive to breathe.

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