explain in detail whathappens in parasympathtic division after sally eats .then
ID: 3482734 • Letter: E
Question
explain in detail whathappens in parasympathtic division after sally eats .then in detail ( detail means the exact stimulus and receptors, action potential propagation, where nuerons synapse where it is integreted in brain and what nuerotransmitters do in these action potentials )how she sees dinosaur what pathways integrate info, how sympathetic system kicks in synapses and include action potential along with all physical explanation of how it works ! Scenario: Sally was home and just had a huge meal. All of a sudden, she looks out the window and sees a T - rex looking directly at her. Describe in detail what physiological responses she is undergoing the moment she sees the T - rex. You should include visual pathway along with sensation and perception, neural integration, down to motor neuron processes and muscle contraction . You should also include gene transcription and translation of neurotransmitters in the motor output.
Explanation / Answer
The parasympathetic system is knowm for rest and digestion. So upon eating the system starts releasing digestive enzymes and its activation shows its effect on various other organs of the body.
The mostly influenced one is eye. The parasympathetic system causes miosis i;e contraction of circular muscles and constriction of the pupil.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released at the synapse. The activation of the parasympathetic system results in the release of acetylcholine from the vesicles at the synapse. Then the neurotransmitter will send impulse to the receptors of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
Then the actionpotentialis generated and impulse transmission to specific organ takes place.
Light entering the eye is refracted as it passes through the cornea. It then passes through the pupil (controlled by the iris) and is further refracted by the lens. The cornea and lens act together as a compound lens to project an inverted image onto the retina.
Here the pupil is constricted and very less rays pass through it and the image formed is small in size.
Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, intoaction potentials or graded potentials.This process is calledsensory transduction. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord.
This sensory information travels alongafferent nerve fibers in an afferent or sensory nerve, to the brain via the spinal cord. The stimulus can come from extoreceptorsoutside the body, for example light and sound, or from interoreceptors inside the body, for example blood pressure or the sense of body position.
Neural integration is how brain responds to body , here the effect on eye is miosis and the motor neuronal responses includes activation of nicotinic receptors and skeletal muscle contraction.
After seeing the dinosaur sallys sympathetic system gets activated and it shows the flight and fight responses and immediately the digestive enzymes secretion gets reduced and mydriatic effect occurs.
The synthesis of a neuropeptide is very much like the synthesis of any secretory protein made by the cell. First, within the cell nucleus, gene transcription takes place, during which a specific peptide-coding sequence of DNA is used as a template to construct a corresponding strand of messenger RNA. The mRNA then travels to a ribosome, where the process of translation begins. During translation, the sequence of nucleotides that make up the mRNA act as a code to string together a corresponding sequence of amino acids that will eventually become the neuropeptide needed at the terminal. Before this molecule can be transported to the terminal for release into the synaptic cleft, it must be processed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), packaged in the golgi apparatus, and transported in storage vesicles down the axon to the terminal.
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