11. Which of the following statements gives the correct order of blood flow of t
ID: 3483196 • Letter: 1
Question
11. Which of the following statements gives the correct order of blood flow of through nephron?
a) Afferent arterioles, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, efferent arteriole
b) Afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
c) Efferent arterioles, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
d) Afferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, efferent arteriole12
12. Increased levels of the hormone PTH in the blood will affect the kidney by?
a) Increasing calcium reabsorption
b) Increasing calcium excretion
c) Increasing the amount of calcium ATPase on the apical membrane
d) a) and c)
13. A person given an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
a) Will reabsorb more H2O in the collecting duct
b) Will reabsorb more Na+ in the distal tubule
c) Will excrete urine that has a high volume
d) Will excrete urine that has a high potassium levels
14. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct by binding to receptors that result in insertion of aquaporins into the apical membrane?
a) True
b) False
15. Renin secretion by juxtaglomerular cells is?
a) Increased due to increased pressure in the afferent arteriole
b) Decreased by increased renal sympathetic nerve activity
c) increased by increased flow pass the macula densa cells
d) increased by a drop in blood pressure
Explanation / Answer
Question 11
Answer is B
That is Afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries.
The blood flow in the nephron in the following order that
Renal artery to interlobar arteries. From it enters into Arcuate arteries. From that it enters into interlobular arteries. From that it enters into afferent arterioles then into glomerulus. From Glomerulus enters into efferent arterioles. From that it enters into peritubular capillaries /vasa recta. From that enters into interlobular vein then moves into arcuate veins. From that interlobar veins and finally into renal vein.
Question 12
Answer is A
That is increases the calcium reabsorption.
The parathyroid hormone acts on distal convoluted tubules increases the reabsorption of calcium. For PTH binds to sepentine or G protein receptors on the distal convoluted tubule increases the number of calcium channels on luminal side increases the calcium reabsorption.
Question 13
Answer is C
ACE inbibitors are used to treat high the blood pressure.
Here the increased blood pressure is due to increased Angiotensin-II. which causes the vasoconstriction and increses the blood pressure. Increased angiotensin -II also increases the activity of aldosterone and increases sodium reabsorption from renal tubule. All these leads to high Blood pressure.
Angiotensinogen --ACE----- Agiotensin –I ------- Angiotensin -II.
Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) leads to decreased Angiotensin- II. no vasoconsrtiction and more blood supplies to kidneys more filtration more water eliminated in the form of urine. Also decreases the aldosterone release and decreases the sodium reabsorption leads to production high urine volume.
Question 14.
Answer is A
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced by posterior pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption by principal cells in collecting duct. ADH binds to receptors that result in insertion of aquaporin -2 channles into the apical membrane.
Question 15
Answer is D
That is increased by a drop in blood pressure.
the following conditions increases the release of Renin from juxtaglomerular cells.
i. increased synpathetic activity
ii. dehydration
iii. decreased blood pressure
iv. decreased blood volume
v. decreased sodium levels.
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