c) Discuss the regulation of blood pressure by the cardiovascular center as an e
ID: 3483424 • Letter: C
Question
c) Discuss the regulation of blood pressure by the cardiovascular center as an example of negative feedback. Make sure to identify the receptors, integrating center, effectors and discuss the set point. 2. Membrane transport a) What type of substances can pass freely through the cell membrane? What determines the direction (in or out of the cell) which the substance moves? b) Discuss how glucose is transported into the bloodstream from the kidney tubule. Make sure to mention the role of the Na+-K+ ATPase. Fütrate is smtar toExplanation / Answer
The kidneys provide a harmonal mechanism for the regulation of blood pressure by managing blood volume.The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the kidneys regulate blood volume AngiotensinII constricts blood vessels throughout the body
Blood pressure is constantly monitored by your body and adjusted constantly to meet the needs of the body.This monitoring is performed by baroreceptors
BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION:If blood pressure within the aorta increases the walls of these arteries stretch and stimulate increased activity within the barorecepeptor.This information is then sent via nerves to the cardio regulatory center within the medulla which responds by initiating mechanisms that decrease the blood pressure to a normal level. To lower blood pressure we first see a decrease of sympathetic input and an increase in parasympathetic input to the heart.sympathetic nervous system can increase heart rate and stimulate the heart muscle pump with more force.Parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate. Therefore by shutting of sympathetic stimulation and boosting the parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate and stroke volume which decreses blood pressure
Water,Carbondioxide and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion.Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within the cells as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane
In kidneys primary and secondary active transportation takes place in the blood of kidneys
The secondary active transport of glucose in the kidneys is Na+ linked therefore Na+ gradient must be established.This is achieved through the action of Na+/K+pump the energy for which is provided through the hydrolosis of ATP. Three Na+Ions are extruded from the cell in exchange for two k+ ions entering through the intramembrane enzyme Na+/k+ Atpase;This leaves a relative deficiency of Na+ in the intracellular compartment.sodium ions diffuse down their concentration gradient into the columnar epithelial,co-transporting glucose once inside the epithellial cells,glucose renters the blood stream through facilitated diffusion through GLUT2 transporters.Hence re absorption of glucose is dependent upon the existing sodium gradient which is generated through the active functioning of the NaKatpase
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