20. The prime minister notices that her closest advisors never seem to disagree
ID: 3486113 • Letter: 2
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20. The prime minister notices that her closest advisors never seem to disagree with her or with each other getting the a intrinsic reinforcement b. latent learning c. groupthink d. latent obedience on a lot of important issues, such as arms control. She worries that she is not pros and cons of different issues because her advisors are engaging in Punishment is MOST effective a. when it is mildly aversive 21. b. in surprisingly few situations c when it occurs immediately after the undesired behavior d. in most circumstances 22. The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning wars a. Pavlov b. Tolman c. Kohler d. Skinner 23 Lookt Up in the sky! It's a bird. I's a plane. It's Superman!" If you looked up, would you be conforming? a. No. Conformity requires that you base your behavior on what other people are doing not being told to do so. Yes. You would be looking up because you were told to do so. No. Looking up only means you are curious. b. c. d. Yes. Conformity means doing what you are told or else. 24. What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear? a. Show Albert a rat many times without a loud noise following. b. Show Albert a toy dog instead of a live rat. c. Let Albert touch a Santa Claus beard repeatedly d. Have Albert hear a loud noise many times without a rat present. Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a (an) a. unconditioned response b. conditioned response c. conditioned stimulus d. unconditioned stimulusExplanation / Answer
20) The prime minister notices that her closest advisors never seem to disagree with her or with each other on a lot of important issues, such as arms control. She worries that she is not getting the pros and cons of different issues because her advisors are engaging in groupthink.
Answer: c) groupthink
Groupthink is a phenomenon which occurs in a group where the members of the group conform to each other's thoughts and decision which could often lead to faulty decision making.
21) Punishment is MOST effective when it occurs immediately after the undesired behavior.
Answer: c) when it occurs immediately after the undesired behavior.
If the punishment is not given immediately after the undesired behavior the child would not be able to associate the undesired behavior and punishment given which would not lead to reduction of the undesired behavior.
22) The researcher responisble for developing classical conditioning was Pavlov
Answer: a) Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov pioneered classical conditioning while conducting an experiment with a dog noticing salivation. During his experiment he noticed there was an association of dog salivating when the bell rang as the presenting of food was done after the ringing of the bell. This association of bell with the food and dog's salivation on the sound of bell made him develop the theory of classical conditioning.
23) ''Look! Up in the sky! It's a bird. It's a plane. It's Superman!'' If you looked up would you be conforming?
Answer: a) Conforming requires that you base your behavior on what other people are doing, not being told to do so.
When you do what you are being told to do or adhering to someone's request that is called compliance.
24) What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?
Answer: a) Show Albert a rat many times without the loud noise following.
This way Little Albert would have got desensitized to the fear he had towards the rat and disassociate the negative association of rats with loud noises in absence of the negative stimuli (Loud noises)
25) Pavlov placed the meat powder in the mouth of dogs and they began to salivate. The food acted as an unconditioned stimulus.
Answer: d) unconditioned stimulus
The food elicited the natural response in the dog therefore, food is the unconditioned stimulus and salivation that happened due to the food is unconditioned response. Due to repeated pairings of food with the bell, dog started associating bell with food and started salivating at the sound of the bell, therefore bell became the conditioned stimulus and the salivation of dog after hearing the bell became the conditioned response.
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