QUESTION 1 ldentify and define the four schedules of intermittent or partial rei

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QUESTION 1 ldentify and define the four schedules of intermittent or partial reinforcement. Provide examples of each of the four schedules. How might college professors use an understanding of the schedules to increase the frequency with which students study course materials? TTI Paragraph Arial Mashups Words:0 Path: p QUESTION 2 People blink automatically when a beam of light is shone directly at the eye. A researcher pairs a soft tone with a beam of light. After a number of these pairings, her participants blink when they hear the tone, even when the light is not presented. Identify the neutral stimulus, the US, and the CS in this scenario, as well as the UR and CR. Explain your answers TTIParagraph Arial 3 (12pt) Words:0 Path: p

Explanation / Answer

1. The four schedules of partial reinforcement are as follows:

a) Fixed ratio: The reinforcer is given after a certain number of correct responses have occurred; e.g. in the reinforcement experiment with rats, the rat is provided with the food pellet once the number of presses o the lever are 15.

b) Variable ratio: A reinforcer is given after a varied number of correct responses has occurred. e.g. Door to door sales- travellig to different houses, not knowing when they would get an interested buyer.

c) Fixed interval: A reinforcer is given after a fixed time period has passed after the correct response; e.g. Someone gets paid on an hourly basis, regardless of the amount of their work (such as daily wage employees)

d) Variable interval: A reinforcer is given after a varied time period has occurred after the correct response is given. e.g. A fisherman estimates the time when his catch would be more in number. He catches the same number of fish but on an inconsistent basis.

Professors may use the schedules of reinforcement in order to make students learn course materials. For instance, a fixed ratio schedule could comprise of a reward (a free class) upon reviewing 3 research papers for classes. This could motivate students to read more in order to get the reward. Similarly, the reward system can be modified and all the schedules of reinforcement can be incorporated in an attempt to motivate students to read course materials.

2. In the given case, the automatic response which is blinking is elicited by the beaming light. Therefore, the unconditioned stimulus is the beaming light. Before conditioning took place, no response would be elicited by the soft tone, which means that the soft tone is initially a neutral stimuli. However, after repeated pairings it becomes the conditioned stimuli. The soft tone is therefore the conditioned stimulus after the conditioning has occurred. The unconditioned response would be the blinking of eyes when no conditioning has occurred (natural response to beaming light). However, after the conditioning has occurred, when blinking of eyes occurs at the soft tone, it becomes the conditioned response.

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