Provide answers to the questions below: Part A and Part B PART A: 1)There is a m

Question

Provide answers to the questions below: Part A and Part B

PART A:

1)There is a marked tendency for individuals to attribute differences in cognitive style to differences in level. Why is it important to distinguish between level and style?

2) What is the distinction between an ‘intellectual process’ for problem solving and a ‘problem solving technique’?

3) A-I rejects the notion that human beings can exist in a state of “no change”. Explain why.

4) Why are motive and opportunity considered to be essential elements of problem solving?

5) Explain the rationale behind Kirton’s statement “mankind has no instincts”.

6) Can humans operate in the absence of structure? Why or why not?

7) How do adaptors and innovators differ in the way that they make use of structure and work with/within its limits?

8) Kirton believes that every time a person shares a problem with another, each acquires two problems, which he calls ‘Problem A’ and ‘Problem B’. Explain what this means.

9) Summarize the key points of Granville Gott’s article, “Creating Differential Advantage and Profit- Using Kirton’s Theory and KAI”.

PART B: Cognitive Function – The Brain’s Problem Solving Department

1) Different individuals may view a change in very different ways. Some individuals may look at a particular change as being ‘radically different’, while others see the same change as inconsequential. Why is the perception of change relative to an individual?

2) Describe the three strategic responses to change and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each.

3) To survive, we need to learn continually. Describe two key issues that A-I theory emphasizes with respect to learnt problem solving.

4) Intuition is often used a synonym for instinct. Is this an accurate use of these terms? Why or why not?

5) How does cognitive affect differ from cognitive effect, and what impact does cognitive resource have on these key elements of cognition?

6) What is coping behavior, and why is it important? How is it measured?

7) What role does the environment play in cognitive function?

8) From the perspective of A-I theory, how are ‘creativity’ and ‘innovation’ related?

9) From the perspective of A-I theory, how is cognitive style distinguished from behavior? Why is it important to make this clear distinction?

Explanation / Answer

Part A:

1. Cognitive style refers to the way an individual tends to perception, think, decide, solve certain problems, etc. This style is often determined by the unique personality traits of an individual as to how they shall perceive and situation and then think and act accordingly. On the other hand, cognitive level refers to the what or how much cognitive ability is present within the individual. It is important todistinguish between the two because it may often be possible that two individuals with same cognitive levels may differ in their cognitive styles as cognitive style is largely determined by the unique traits of the personality whereas cognitive level may be common to many individuals. It is the way they use their cognitive abilities is how they are distinguished from one another.

2. ' Intellectual process' refers to a process whereas 'problem solving technique' is a method. Intellectual process is a global component in an individual which may play a certain role in the prolem solving method. Thus individuals use their intellectual process in order to solve a problem. Hence, in a complete intellectual process, several problem solving methods may take place.

3. A-I rejects the notion that human bings can exist in a state of 'no change' because, there is a continuous process of evolution in human beings happening based on the new informations they receive and they are also capable of their own previous conflicts. With the resolution of the old conflicts, there emerges a new insight into life and there is bound to be a new perspective to life and the problems. Thus there is a continuous dynamicity in an individual. Therefore, the problem solving style does not change the attitude and the percetion towards a problem might change.

4. Motive and opportunity are two essential elements of problem solving because without any pre-set goals an individual might not encounter the drive to reach that goal through the problem solving techniques. Moreover, if there is motive but there is no opportunity to attain the goal, the problem solving technique might not lead to any fruitful solution. Thus in conjunction with adequate motive and a proper opportunity can a problem solving technique lead to attainment of a solution.

5. 'Mankind has no instincts' is used to refer to the immense information-processing of an individual in the managemnet of diversity. Individuals in the process of accodomating in order to fulfil the gap of discrepanies between each other, has been overusing their information processing ability in order to solve and problem. Hence the instinctual responses gets subdued and thus loses it's existential importance.

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