0199383405 130 CHAPTER 4 INFORMAL FALLACIES EXERCISES 4B I. Determine whether ea

Question

0199383405 130 CHAPTER 4 INFORMAL FALLACIES EXERCISES 4B I. Determine whether each statement is true or false. Tu quoque is distinguished by the specific attempt of one person to avoid the issue at hand by claiming the other person is a hypocrite. 1· Answer: True 2. Ad hominem fallacies occur when an argument uses character flaws or circum- 3. The appeal to pity occurs when the character flaws of a person are used against 4. The appeal to fear or force uses rational reasons in support of a controversial S. An example of the bandwagon effect is when an appeal is made to increase the 6. A threat of harmful consequences (physical or otherwise) used to force accep- stances of people's lives to reject their claims. him or her position. group solidarity of an elite group. tance of a course of action that would otherwise be unacceptable is called an appeal to pity 7. An appeal to join an exclusive group is an ad hominem fallacy 8. An ad hominem circumstantial fallacy occurs when someone's argument is rejected based on the circumstances of the person's life. 9. A poisoning the well fallacy occurs when a person is attacked before she has a chance to present her case. A fallacious appeal to emotion occurs when an argument relies solely on the arousal of a strong emotional state or psychological reaction to get a person to accept the conclusion. 10. II. Read the following passages. If an argument commits a fallacy of a personal attack or an emotional appeal, then identify the specific fallacy. Ifa passage does not contain a fallacy, then answer "No fallacy. Explain your answers. You just bought that book, but I recommend that you don't read it. Everything he writes is false. All he does is spend time promoting his book on TV, radio talk shows, and in magazines trying to get people interested so it will becomea best seller 1. Answer: Poisoning the well. The fallacy occurs when a person is attacked before he has a chance to present his case. 2. She did not vote in the last election. In fact, she is not even registered to vote. It follows that anything she suggests about how our country should be run cannot possibly be of any concern to us.

Explanation / Answer

I. 1- Answered already in the question sheet.

I. 2- True

Explanation : Ad homineum is derived from Latin where the word literally means 'to the person'. It is an argument or a reaction which is directed towards a person and a person is personally attacked instead of making logical arguments over the position they are holding in the argument.

I. 3- False

Explanation : appeal to pity also called misericordiam is the illogical fallacy used in arguments wherein one seeks to win an argument using sympathy rather than evidence.

I. 4- false

Explanation : appeal to fear isn't based on use of rational reasons in support of controversial position. Instead it is use of fear not based on evidence or reason as a primary means of getting others accept the argument/idea.

I. 5- Bandwagon effect in simple words is people doing something only because others are doing it. An example of bandwagon effect would be sell of a particular brand of a product belonging to the production of an elite group so that the sale increases.

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