13. Which of these is a property of bodies, according to Descartes? a. Bodies ar
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13. Which of these is a property of bodies, according to Descartes? a. Bodies are unitary b. Bodies are able to interact with minds c. Bodies are goal-oriented d. All of the above e. None of the above 14. Which of these statements is true, according to Hume? a. Impressions are more lively than ideas b. Without impressions, meaningful ideas would not be possible c. Ideas are copies of impressions d. All of the above e. None of the above 15. According to Hume, which of these claims about relations of ideas is corr a. Relations of ideas are claims about the way the world is b. The opposite of any relation of ideas is incoherent and impossi c. Relations of ideas cannot be proven d. All of the above e. None of the above 16. According to Hume, which of these claims about matters of fact is correct a. b. c. d. e. Matters of fact are true by definition The opposite of any matter of fact is possible Matters of fact can be proven All of the above None of the above 17. According to Hume, which of these is a meaningless idea? a. Causes and effects are necessarily connected b. The earth not a sphere, it is a cube c. It is possible to jump from the earth to the moon d. All of the above e. None of the above 18. Which of these can be known with certainty, according to Hume? a. God exists b. The earth revolves around the sun c. An octagon is an eight-sided regular closed polygon d. All of the above e. None of the aboveExplanation / Answer
Answer: 13- d. All of the above
Explanation: according to Descartes, body is unitary, able to interact with mind and body is goal oriented. Rene’Descartes investigated the connection between the mind and body and resulted in Cartesian Dualism. The main influences for Dualism were theology and physics and how the two interact. Descartes suggested that the body works like a machine, that it has material properties and mind on the other hand, was described as a nonmaterial and does not follow the laws of nature. Descartes argued that the mind interacts with the body at the pineal gland. This form of dualism or duality proposes that the mind controls the body, but that the body can also influence the otherwise rational mind, such as when people act out of passion. Most of the previous accounts of the relationship between mind and body had been uni-directional.
Descartes suggested that the soul is unitary, and unlike many areas of the brain the pineal gland appeared to be unitary (though subsequent microscopic inspection has revealed it is formed of two hemispheres). Second, body and mind interact with each other by this mechanism:
Descartes observed that the pineal gland was located near the ventricles. He believed the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricles acted through the nerves to control the body, and that the pineal gland influenced this process. Sensations delivered by the nerves to the pineal, he believed, caused it to vibrate in some sympathetic manner, which in turn gave rise to the emotions and caused the body to act.
Answer: 14- d. All of the above
Explanation: One of the most central doctrines of Hume's philosophy, stated in the very first lines of the Treatise, is his notion that the mind consists of its mental perceptions, or the mental objects which are present to it, and which divide into two categories: impressions and ideas. Hume's Treatise thus opens with the words: 'All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call IMPRESSIONS and IDEAS." Hume states that "I believe it will not be very necessary to employ many words in explaining this distinction" and commentators have generally taken Hume to mean the distinction between feeling and thinking.[61] Controversially, Hume may regard the difference as in some sense a matter of degree, as he takes "impressions" to be distinguished from ideas, on the basis of their force, liveliness, and vivacity, or what Henry Allison calls the "FLV criterion" in his book on Hume.Ideas are therefore "faint" impressions.
Answer: 15- e. none of the above
Answer: 16- d. All of the above
Answer: 17- d. All of the above
Hume said that all those ideas which are beyond our direct sensations are meaningless. Or the ideas from external world are meaningless because we cannot sense them directly.
Answer: 18- d. All of the above
Note: to get the explaination of all other options please go go through David Hume's theory in detail.
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