Researchers are assessing if listening to music while studying is effective. 30

Question

Researchers are assessing if listening to music while studying is effective. 30 students are randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of 10. Group A, study with music playing at an indicated and set volume. Group B study with the volume periodically increasing and decreasing. Group C study with no sound at all, afterwards all students take a questionnaire. The researcher finds differences with a significant F-ratio after an ANOVA analysis in the there groups. Now, in order to see how significance each difference is a post hoc-test is recommended.

Does the example provided above justify the need to conduct a post-hoc test? In your reply explain your agreement or disagreement.

Explanation / Answer

The example above justifies the need to conduct a post-hoc test. When we get a significant F test result in an ANOVA test for a main effect of a factor with more than two levels, we can reject the null hypothesis. However, the ANOVA simply tells us that there is a significant difference between the groups, without indicating specifically which groups differ. Hence, we can use post hoc tests to tell us which groups differ from the rest.

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