Use your \"Theory Review Chart\" to complete the following essay. Write a 1,000-

Question

Use your "Theory Review Chart" to complete the following essay.

Write a 1,000-1,250-word essay in which you explain the need for various psychodynamic approaches. You will also compare and contrast the three psychodynamic approaches discussed throughout the topic. Your essay must include the following:

A discussion of why it is important to understand and utilize a variety of psychodynamic approaches.

An overview of each of the following approaches: psychoanalysis, analytical, and individual.

Compare and contrast the key differences and similarities between views of human nature and therapeutic techniques for each approach.

Explain how each theory supports or conflicts with your personal view of human nature.

You must include a minimum of three academic references beyond the textbook to support your essay.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Explanation / Answer

Psychodynamic theory is of three types namely psychosexual or psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Freud in 1903, Psychosocial theory by Erik Erickson in 1963 and Cognitive theory by Jean Piaget in 1952. The fisrt theory is the psychoanalytical theory which explains the topographic model or psychic model. Topographical model consists of conscious, subconscious and preconscious model.Conscious model consists of the thinking process in the brain. Preconscious thinking consists of people with ordinary knowledge and perceptions. Subconscious mind is when thinking is beyond reach of conscious mind and this thinking process is independent. Psychic model consists of the original model of personality, with feelings of instincts and emotions in life, it is present from the time of birth, and depends upon the pleasure perceptions in the brain. It consists of three types called as id, ego and superego. Ego is governed by the principles in the person, develops after birth, and depends upon the judgement and satisfaction. Superego acts as acceptibility of thoughts, feelings and behavior within the thinking perceptions in the brain.

Stages or steps of development of the psychoanalytical model consists of oral stage, anal stage, urethral stage and phallic stage in life. Oral stage is the first stage which consists of oral cavity and feelings of desire in a person. It has various stages of thinking like positive, negative, jealous, envious and friendly in life. Anal stage is the second stage which consists of personal control, regulation of muscle control while going to the toilet to remove the waste material. It is characterised by disorder and stubborness to yield anything in life. Urethral stage is the stage where the child excretes urine from the body and derives pleasure from this phenomenon. There is a regulatory voluntary control mechanism in the body due to the signal transmission in the brain. Phallic stage is the fourth stage characterised by attaining pleasure to the body in the form of masturbation. Latency stage is the developmental stage where maturation of ego takes place.Genital stage is the development and progression of child to adulthood.

Psychosocial theory was developed by Erik Erikson which explains the development of child from infant stage to the adult stage in life. Infant forms a relationship of trust with the parents.If a child encounters traumatic situations in life then there is a chance of developing mistrust in life with development of stringent relationships in life. Child develops through independent stages of life and passes through guilt and shame in life.This stage leads to the formation of the adult stage with maturity. It leads to friendships and marriage stage in life. It leads to the stages of generativity and integrity in life. It is a simple theory and can be applied to any stage in life.

Cognitive theory of Jean Piaget.

It is the theory of attainment of knowledge by children and adults in life.He directly observed children and analysed their behavior . According to this theory, environment is not responsible for change but a person analyses and seeks understanding of environment according to the specific environment. It consists of three functional variants like:assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium. There are four stages of development called as sensorimotor stage.It is the stage of development of intelligence in a person in life.Pre-operational stage is the stage of development of child in which there is use of signs and languages during development. It is a learning stage of life where a child experiances new things in life. Concrete operational stage is the stage of logical and analytical thinking and reasoning in child from age 6-12 years of age. The development of mental abilities takes place during this stage in life. It is the stage of understanding and critical learning ability in life. Formal operational stage is the stge of reasoning in life with interpretation and analysis of data from 11-15 years of life.

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