1301 Discussion this is my response for my discussion Define: differential assoc
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Question
1301 Discussion
this is my response for my discussion
Define: differential association theory and what are your viewpoints on it?
Differential Association was created by Edwin H. Sutherland. He created the theory to explain the reasons why people commit crime. It’s based upon the idea that criminals commit crimes based upon their association with other people. It’s believed that these interactions express the individuals understanding of societal norms and values. Also, if the individual is capable of learning what is acceptable in society, they are also not capable of learning what is considered unacceptable. I don’t completely agree with this theory. Yes, certain influences have major impacts on criminal behaviors. For instance, children or adolescents brought up in a low income or bad household or uneducated parents with no education opportunities to the children and lack of jobs does push them towards crime. BUT, this theory doesn’t explain the reasons behind a person, who comes from educated and well-off family engaging in criminal act. Children coming from wealthy families do engage in drug behaviors, drunk driving etc. and do commit crimes as well. Some of the shootings done in US have involved people who are well educated and coming from good families.
Discuss the difference between Moffitt’s adolescence-limited offenders and life-course-persistent offenders.
Adolescent-limited offenders refers to adolescents whose criminal behavior is temporary but grow out of it most of the time. Life-course persistent offenders, on the other hand, are considered to have an antisocial behavior and continue their rebelliousness into their adulthood.
Chapter 4
1. Compare and contrast criminal law and civil law
Criminal law deals with behavior that is an offense against the public, society, or the state such as murder, theft, assault, and drunk driving. Civil law deals with behavior that constitutes an injury to an individual or other private party. Examples are defamation, breach of contract, negligence resulting in injury or death, and property damage.
2. What three elements must be present for an act to be labeled a crime?
For an act to be considered a crime, it must have the criminal act, the criminal intent, and the relationship between the act and intent.
3. What is the difference between substantive law and procedural law?
Substantive law is part of statutory law which creates and defines rights. It deals with the legal relationship between people or the people and state. Substantive law deals with the substance of the case, how the charges are to be handled and how the facts are to be dealt with. Procedural law provides the process that a case will go through. It determines how a proceeding concerning the enforcement of substantive law will occur.
NOW IN A PARAGRAPH RESPOND TO THIS DISCUSSION. MIN 10 SENTENCES EACH.
EXAMPLE. "THIS IS A GOOD DISCUSSION. i AGREE WITH SO AND SO...... I LIKE HOW YOU EXPLAINED.......
A.
Chapter 3
The Classical School of Criminology states that people choose to break the law (freewill). The classical school of criminology is embodied primarily by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Beccaria presented 9 principles to guide our thinking on crime and the way society responds to crime. Bentham states that people are guided by their desire for pleasure and aversion to pain and society could trigger antisocial behavior. Both were not concerned with why people committed crimes, but both were concerned in reforming the criminal justice system. The differential association theory was developed by Edwin Sutherland. This theory states that antisocial behavior or crime is learned. People's behaviors are conditioned by environmental feedback. I do believe this theory is true. Peer pressure and the environment that person is in, play a role in the person's life. For example, a boy growing up in a high crime neighborhood might also engage in criminal behavior because most of the people around him are doing that. He might give in but the person decides if they want to do it the right thing or the wrong thing. The Chicago School theories rely, on the individuals demographic and geographical location to explain criminal behavior. Social disorganization theory states that the neighborhood's structural and cultural conditions affect criminal behavior. It's still applicable in today's society because this is a common thing. It also depends where you live. For example, in Alamo, Texas there is a neighborhood called "Little Mex". That neighborhood has lots of gang activity, which means a high crime rate. The little kids living there most likely have seen a crime being committed or know what drug dealing is. Adolescence-limited offenders may have had problems in their childhood and they are unlikely to continue crime into adulthood. Life course-persistent offenders engage into antisocial behavior for long periods of time. The effects of childhood problems persist and escalate into serious crimes as they grow older.
Chapter 4
In civil law, the case is in between two individuals. Sentences involve money damages, no incarceration. In criminal law, the case concerns the government and the person who committed the crimes that has been classified as a criminal offense. Both laws try to control the behavior of the people and can impose sanctions. The 3 elements that must be present in order for an act to be labeled as a crime are: the criminal act (actus reus), the criminal intent (mens rea), and the relationship between actus rea and mens rea (concurrence). Together these three elements constitute corpus deliciti, the "body of a crime". Substantive law tells us which behaviors have been considered criminal offenses. It also sets parameters on the punishment foe each type of offense. Procedural law specifies how the criminal justice system is allowed to deal with those who break the law: sets rules for police and courts to process the cases, rules of arrest, search and seizure, rights to an attorney, and attorney/client privilege.
B.
Chapter 3.
The classical school of criminology was the study of human behavior, in other words, when people looked to reason to explain the social activities rather than relying sollely on super natural explanations during the Enlightment, which was an exciting time in history.
Differential assosiation theory was developed by Edwin Sutherland and is one of the most popular theories of delinquency, it claims that antisocial behavior is learned and that young people learn it in intimate playgroups such as family and friends. I personally think that its not true, in fact people decide how they are, you can have the greatest supportive environment at home and still oppt to act diferent when people are not around.
The University of Chicago had the first sociology department in which the social disorganization theory was developed in which is stated that neighborhoods structural and cultural conditions affect criminal behavior, this is still applicable in today society because poverty is a big issue and people try to survive everyday and people moving in and out exposes children to many different influences.
The differences in life-course-persistent offenders and adolecents-limited offenders is that as opposite of the adolescents-limited-offenders, llife-course offenders are looked from the biological , phsycological and sociological variables and there is a cumulitative effect of problems that start in early childhood and escalate into serious crime as the offender grows older
Chapter 4
Criminal law is the lar that specifies the prosecution by the government o a person or people for an act thaat had been classified as a criminal offense while civil law is the law that governs private rights as opposed to the law that governs criminal issues.
The three elements that must be present in order for an act to be considered a criminal offense are the criminal act, criminal intent and the concurrence.
The substantive law tell us which behaviors have been defined as criminal offenses and the procedural law specifies how the sriminal justice system is allowed to deal with those who break the law.
Explanation / Answer
There are good arguments posited within the paragraphs which have been provided, which speak predominantly about the fact that the social interactions and the interactions, thus, between the individual and the society is a major factor and determinant of the behavior if the said individual.
Although, the propensity of the falling to certain behavior cannot be adjudged solely on the basis of the external environment, but needs to be assessed on an individual characteristic basis as well.
Other factors such as attachment, social initiation, parental trauma, should all be accounted for to explain the criminal behavior as opposed to downsizing it to the lower socio economic class.
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