QUESTION 1 Which of the following are valid statements about construct validity.
ID: 3501086 • Letter: Q
Question
QUESTION 1
Which of the following are valid statements about construct validity. check all that apply and none that do not.
Construct validity is:
related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts.
the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.
the ability to predict a future score on another scale
the ability of an instrument to produce similar results upon successive administrations
QUESTION 2
Consider the Disabilities of the Hand, Arm and Shoulder (DASH) questionnaire. Match each concept with the appropriate type of validity/reliability:
A patient will get similar scores on consecutive days.
The DASH appears to include items related to the full scope of hand/arm pain as determined by a panel of experts.
Scores on the DASH can predict scores on occupational performance assessments 1 month later.
A change of 10.2 points represents an important change to patients.
Content validity
MCIC
Criterion validity
Test-retest reilability
QUESTION 5
Select all statements below that are TRUE. Choose all that are true and none that are not.
Effectivesampling strategies can improve external validity
Randomization ensures a representative sample
Randomization is the main difference between experimental and non-experimental research
Sampling is the main difference between experimental and non-experimental studies
Simple random sampling must be accompanied by randomization
Randomization improves internal validity
The vast majority of experimental studies use stratified random sampling techniques
Sampling helps to distribute confounders evenly between groups in randomized controlled trials
10.00000 points
QUESTION 6
Match each of the research scenarios with the appropriate single subject research design:
A study of partial weight bearing treadmill training for a subject with CP where a the six minute walk test is applied 3 times prior to treatment at different times. Treatment is then initiated 6 sessions over 3 weeks. The six minute walk is given at several points during treatment but not afterward.
The effect of therapeutic yoga is examined on a subject with knee osteoarthritis. There are 4 administrations of the main outcome, the WOMAC scale, prior to treatment. The subject is then treated with 6 specially designed yoga sessions over 2 weeks. After treatment 4 additional administrations of the WOMAC scale are given.
The effect of two different treatments are tested on a subject with chronic neck pain. Multiple baseline assessments of neck pain are taken over 1 week. Then, cervicalmanipulation and specific exercises with pressure biofeedback are both given in each of 4 sessions over two weeks. The order is changed each session. After treatment multiple baseline assessments of neck pain are taken over 1 week.
Alternating treatment design
A-B-A or Withdrawal design
A-B Design
10.00000 points
QUESTION 7
Match each threat to internal validity with the strategy that BEST controls it:
Much higher attrition in one group compared to the other
Compensatory demoralization
Compensatory equalization
Regression to the mean
Instrumentation
History
Testing
Selection interaction
Intent to treat analysis
Participant blinding
Researcher/staff blinding
Reliable outcome measures
Calibration and documentation
Participants document activities outside of study
Practice/warm-up sessions
Careful randomization
10.00000 points
QUESTION 8
In a two factor, factorial design RCT of treatment for lateral epicondylitis, there are two independent variables - manual therapy v sham, and exercise therapy v placebo ultrasound. How many groups or 'arms' are running in this study?
6
8
4
2
5.00000 points
QUESTION 9
Match the sample and population description below with the sampling strategy MOST likely to have resulted in it for a sample size of n=200:
There are very large differences between the sample and population in terms of age, gender and other key demographics.
The sample is older and has more women than the target population
The sample closely resembles the target population overall and in terms of specific demographics such as age, gender, and race.
The sample results from 4 hospitals, in one county in one state.
Stratified random
Cluster
Incidental
Simple random
10.00000 points
QUESTION 10
Match each of the following group descriptions with the mostly likely randomization strategy:
Two groups, 30 participants in one, 25 in the other. Differences in key characteristics between the groups.
Two groups, 30 participants each, with differences in key characteristics like age and gender between the groups.
Two groups, 30 subjects each with similar distributions of key characteristics like age and gender.
Two groups of 30 participants each where each person in the group closely matches someone in the other group in terms of several key characteristics.
simple randomization
matched pair
block randomization
Stratified block randomization
related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts.
the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.
the ability to predict a future score on another scale
the ability of an instrument to produce similar results upon successive administrations
Explanation / Answer
1. The correct answer is Option A and B. Construct validity is related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts, and it refers to the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.
2. a. A patient will get similar scores on consecutive days - Test-retest reliability.
b. The DASH appears to include items related to the full scope of hand/arm pain as determined by a panel of experts - Content validity.
c. Scores on the DASH can predict scores on occupational performance assessments 1 month later - Criterion validity.
d. A change of 10.2 points represents an important change to patients - MCIC.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.
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