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QUESTION 1 Which of the following are valid statements about construct validity.

ID: 3501086 • Letter: Q

Question

QUESTION 1

Which of the following are valid statements about construct validity.  check all that apply and none that do not.  

Construct validity is:

related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts.  

the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.  

the ability to predict a future score on another scale

the ability of an instrument to produce similar results upon successive administrations

QUESTION 2

Consider the Disabilities of the Hand, Arm and Shoulder (DASH) questionnaire. Match each concept with the appropriate type of validity/reliability:

A patient will get similar scores on consecutive days.

The DASH appears to include items related to the full scope of hand/arm pain as determined by a panel of experts.  

Scores on the DASH can predict scores on occupational performance assessments 1 month later.

A change of 10.2 points represents an important change to patients.  

Content validity

MCIC

Criterion validity

Test-retest reilability

QUESTION 5

Select all statements below that are TRUE. Choose all that are true and none that are not.  

Effectivesampling strategies can improve external validity

Randomization ensures a representative sample

Randomization is the main difference between experimental and non-experimental research

Sampling is the main difference between experimental and non-experimental studies

Simple random sampling must be accompanied by randomization

Randomization improves internal validity

The vast majority of experimental studies use stratified random sampling techniques

Sampling helps to distribute confounders evenly between groups in randomized controlled trials

10.00000 points   

QUESTION 6

Match each of the research scenarios with the appropriate single subject research design:

A study of partial weight bearing treadmill training for a subject with CP where a the six minute walk test is applied 3 times prior to treatment at different times. Treatment is then initiated 6 sessions over 3 weeks. The six minute walk is given at several points during treatment but not afterward.

The effect of therapeutic yoga is examined on a subject with knee osteoarthritis. There are 4 administrations of the main outcome, the WOMAC scale, prior to treatment. The subject is then treated with 6 specially designed yoga sessions over 2 weeks. After treatment 4 additional administrations of the WOMAC scale are given.   

The effect of two different treatments are tested on a subject with chronic neck pain. Multiple baseline assessments of neck pain are taken over 1 week. Then, cervicalmanipulation and specific exercises with pressure biofeedback are both given in each of 4 sessions over two weeks. The order is changed each session. After treatment multiple baseline assessments of neck pain are taken over 1 week.   

Alternating treatment design

A-B-A or Withdrawal design

A-B Design

10.00000 points   

QUESTION 7

Match each threat to internal validity with the strategy that BEST controls it:

Much higher attrition in one group compared to the other

Compensatory demoralization

Compensatory equalization

Regression to the mean

Instrumentation

History

Testing

Selection interaction

Intent to treat analysis

Participant blinding

Researcher/staff blinding

Reliable outcome measures

Calibration and documentation

Participants document activities outside of study

Practice/warm-up sessions

Careful randomization

10.00000 points   

QUESTION 8

In a two factor, factorial design RCT of treatment for lateral epicondylitis, there are two independent variables - manual therapy v sham, and exercise therapy v placebo ultrasound. How many groups or 'arms' are running in this study?

6

8

4

2

5.00000 points   

QUESTION 9

Match the sample and population description below with the sampling strategy MOST likely to have resulted in it for a sample size of n=200:

There are very large differences between the sample and population in terms of age, gender and other key demographics.

The sample is older and has more women than the target population

The sample closely resembles the target population overall and in terms of specific demographics such as age, gender, and race.

The sample results from 4 hospitals, in one county in one state.

Stratified random

Cluster

Incidental

Simple random

10.00000 points   

QUESTION 10

Match each of the following group descriptions with the mostly likely randomization strategy:

Two groups, 30 participants in one, 25 in the other. Differences in key characteristics between the groups.

Two groups, 30 participants each, with differences in key characteristics like age and gender between the groups.

Two groups, 30 subjects each with similar distributions of key characteristics like age and gender.

Two groups of 30 participants each where each person in the group closely matches someone in the other group in terms of several key characteristics.

simple randomization

matched pair

block randomization

Stratified block randomization

related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts.  

the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.  

the ability to predict a future score on another scale

the ability of an instrument to produce similar results upon successive administrations

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct answer is Option A and B. Construct validity is related to content validity but construct validity is more complex and involves different concepts, and it refers to the ability of an instrument to to measure an abstract concept.
2. a. A patient will get similar scores on consecutive days - Test-retest reliability.
b. The DASH appears to include items related to the full scope of hand/arm pain as determined by a panel of experts - Content validity.
c. Scores on the DASH can predict scores on occupational performance assessments 1 month later - Criterion validity.
d. A change of 10.2 points represents an important change to patients - MCIC.
Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of the same question.

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