Statistical Conclusion Validity Was there enough power? [The authors should refe

Question

Statistical Conclusion Validity

Was there enough power? [The authors should reference a power calculation.  Examine the number and then see if it was met].  

Did authors mention assumptions of statistical procedures?

Was there a significant difference between groups?

Preview File Edit View Go Tools Window Help 82% H, Mon 4:41 PM Q * E Hornbyetal 2015VIEWSNNR.pdf (page 2 of 12)- Edited Q Search Hombyeta 2015VIEWSNNR.pdf Omal Research Acle Variable Intensive Early Walking Poststroke (VIEWS): A Randomized Controlled Trial SSAGE T. George orby, PhD Carey L Holleran, DHS?, Patrick W.Hennessy, MPT Abigail L. Leddy, DPT, Mark Connolly Jaclyn Camardo2 Jane Woodward, DPT Gordhan Mahtani, MS, Linda Lovell, and Elliot J. Roth, MD Hall BorApround Converging endece rests that the amount of steppng practice 15 an mportant ranng parameter that nduences locomotor recoary postsrok. More racne daca suegast at stapping ansity and vanablicy re aso mportanc, although such stracepes are ofcen discounged erly postsaroke. Ogeave The present study eamined the ecy of high-inunsity, varable stepping training on walking and nonwalking outeoms in indimduas I to 6 monch poststroke as compared with conventional interventions. Methads Indiiduals with unlateral stroke (mean duration 10 diys) ware randomaud to recaive s0, 1-hour xparimenal or concrol training seisiord ower 10 weaks Experimane ntervenons consisted only of szepping pracoce at high cardiovascular ntensity (70%-80% heart rate reserve) invariable contats (tauks or environment). Control intarventions ware datermined by clnical phytical therapists and supplemantad ang standardced conventional strategies. Blnded assessm ems were obained c baseline, midtraining and posctraining with a 2-month folowup. Reits A otal of 32 indiduals (15 experimental) receined dfferent training paradgms that wed in de amount. intens y, and types of tasks pertormed. Pnmary outcomes of waling speed expermenal 0.27 t022 ms vs control 009 t 009 m) and distances (119 113 m 30 t 32 m) were diferent becween roups with steppingamour and incenscy rdaned to these dinterences Gains in camporal gait symmery and self-reported paropazion Kores were greater following eperimental training, without d ferences in balance or stto-stand performance. Concksen Varable inceraine stupping training resulted in greacar improwemocs in walkng abilty chan conventional incervenoons early poststroke Future studes should eakate the relbtive contributions of these training parameten Keywords rehatbliabon Another taining paranctor that may be impotant is the ntenaty of stcrping actvities. Consident with the tield of Despite swhstential roovery of locomotor fincion in the irst 6 monts poststoke, maay patients centinae to uak (e perfonned (epower or workloody during coor KEN tios and is ostimated adindtly thoagh mctabolic and ca- da respinley measures. "ja Higher-laatuty eppag training is pafomed by walking at Easter spoads on a t a skrw spoofs and over hmited dist nces in the borne and in the home and o aceeas waking rocovery have bean investigaod evidence suggests that the specificity and amount ot task pracice ase cilicaldeio locoolor recovery Sol- low ing neurelegical njury For exampke poviding large anosnts of steppiag practice using ueighi-supported trea. %onhusten Livewu, Owaga L usa specitic mease oE of walking function poststroke' Houever, argivakat gains have recently been observed ollas ing coaventonal 91WTy strakgios invoving limited sepping peactice 17

Explanation / Answer

What Piaget wanted to do was not to measure how well children could count, spell or solve problems as a way of grading their I.Q. What he was more interested in was the way in which fundamental concepts like the very idea of number, time, quantity, causality, justice and so on emerged.

Before Piaget’s work, the common assumption in psychology was that children are merely less competent thinkers than adults. Piaget showed that young children think in strikingly different ways compared to adults.

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