7D Mon 4:55 PM Q webapps/blackboard/contentu/etContent Jotcourse,Jide 84089,38 C

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7D Mon 4:55 PM Q webapps/blackboard/contentu/etContent Jotcourse,Jide 84089,38 C The members of the Mountain Medical Center's cardiac surgery team were excited, were about to use a new method of performing the most technically challenging of all surgeries: the repair of the heart. Only last week they had been using traditional, open-heart procedure that requires splitting the pat ent's chest at the breastbone, stopping the heart and transferring its the arteries duties to a heart-lung bypass machine, clamping and values as necessary, isolating and repairing the damaged portions of the heart, and then closing the 8-inch long wound in the chest. But they would not be using those methods today. Instead, the team would b carrying out a minimally invasive surgical procedure. The surgeon would make a small incision between the patient's ribs and snake a high-tech instrument into the heart, guided by feedback from a network of computers cameras, and ultrasound scanners. These new procedures would make entirely new demands of the surgical team. Traditional surgical teammates work closely with one another, but they are not continually interdependent. Each has his or her specialty. The anesthesiologist sedates the patient and monitors his or her breathing. The perfusionist is the technician who operates the heart-lung machine. The surgeon makes the incision, splits the chest, repairs the heart, and then closes the incisions. The scrub nurse or technician prepares the sterile field, suctions blood from the site, and passes instruments to the surgeon as needed. The new procedure is not so modularized. The surgeon can no longer see the heart, but must rely on the computer-enhanced images provided by the perfusionist and anesthesiologist. Because the surgeon cannot apply clamps directly to the heart to stop the flow of blood, that work is done by the anesthesiologist, who threads a catheter into the aorta through the femoral vein. The scrub nurse monitors and maintains pressures and vital signs and attaches, when needed, forceps, scissors, scalpels, and other surgical tools to the surgeon's operation mechanicals The new procedures require an unprecedented degree of teamwork, delivering surgical care involves several interdependent variables, many of which vary across hospitals, operating rooms or surgical cases and most c which are not normally under the control of the surgical team. Many of these factors affect surgical performance including the OR environment, teamwork and communication, technology and equipment, task and workload factors, and organizational variables", But the Mountain Medical team was ready for the challeng They had practiced for months to learn the new method, and their diligence showed in their level of coordination and communication in the operating room. The operation took somewhat longer than they had expected it would but there were no surprises: Their first patient recovered fully, but also more quickly because of their use of the minimally invasive, and team-intensive, technique. (Healy, Under,& Vincent, 2006; Pisano, Bohmer, & Edmondsor 2001; Weigmann, Eggman, EIBardissi, Henrickson&Sundt. 2010.). Please read the following and post/respond to the following questions. Identify what aspects of the process that identifies these diverse professionals as a "team" as opposed to group"? How would Levi classify this kind of team/group? What contributed to their success? What group dynamics factors could have interfered with their success?

Explanation / Answer

Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s, where his job was to develop French versions of questions on English intelligence tests. He became intrigued with the reasons children gave for their wrong answers to the questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrect answers revealed important differences between the thinking of adults and children.

Piaget (1936) was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. His contributions include a stage theory of child cognitive development, detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple but ingenious tests to reveal different

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