Chapter 4 contains several examples that demonstrate the eight general principle

Question

Chapter 4 contains several examples that demonstrate the eight general principles of physiology described in Chapter 1. Classify each of the examples at the top according to the general principle of physiology that it best represents Solutes move through solutions at faster rates when temperatures are higher Insulin-regulated glucose transporters help to maintairn glucose concentrations in the intra- and extracellular fluids. Sodium channels sense changes in membrane voltage and susequently open to allow sodium ions to flux into the cell The greater a molecule's hydrophobicity, the more likely it is to diffuse across the plasma membrane Osmosis maintains proper cell shape and size and the ability of cells to perform signaling functions Electrochemical gradients influence ion movment; for example like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Glucose transporters and aquaporins can increase or decrease in plasma membranes under different conditions. Insertion of aquaporins in epithelial cell membranes within the kidney helps the body retain water, which prevents dehydration. Controlled exchange of materials occurs between compartments and across cellular membranes Physiological processes are dictated by the laws of chemistry and physics Homeostasis is essential for health and survival

Explanation / Answer

Homeostasis is essential for survival: homeostasis is the phenomenon in the body where the body maintains the internal environment of the body through balancing various physiological conditions like acid base balance, glucose concentration, fluid concentration etc. So that the individual organ can carry on its functions normally

1. Osmosis maintains proper cell shape and size and ability of the cell to perform signalling functions

2. Insulin regulated glucose transporters help to maintain the glucose concentrations in the intra and extra cellular fluids

3. Insertion of aquaporins in epithilal membrane withing the kidney helps the body retain water which prevents dehydration

Controlled exchange of materials occurs between compartments and across cellular membranes

99% movements of ions, solutes, proteins and drugs across the cell membrane is controlled as the movement occur under the influence of physical change in the cell membrane like change in membrane potential or an external signal perceived through cell surface receptors.

1. Electrochemical gradients influence ion movements for example like charges repel and opposite charges attract

2. Sodium channels sense changes in membrane and subsequently open to allow sodium ions inside the cell

3. Glucose transporters and aquaporins can increase or decrease in plasma membrane under different conditions

Physiologic changes are dictated by the laws of chemistry and physics

1. Solutes move through solutions at faster rates when temperatures are higher

2. The greater the hydrophobicity the more likely it is to diffuse across plasma membrane.

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