can You paraphrase the below text for me please by using Your own words Thank Yo

Question

can You paraphrase the below text for me please by using Your own words

Thank You

a. Tooth scalars and scalper medicinalis were used by the Roman.
Scaling, root planning and curettage instruments are used for removal of plaque and calcified deposits from crown and root of a tooth, removal of altered cementum from the subgingival root surface and debridement of the soft tissue lining the pocket.

sickle scalars are heavy instrument used to remove supragingival calculus.

Curette are fine instrument used for Subgingival scaling, root planning and removal of the soft tissue lining the pocket.

Scaling and root planing are the procedure to clean between the gums and teeth down to the tooth and is an effective treatment against gum diseases before it gets further severe. In this procedure an ultrasonic scaling devices are used to remove the tartar, plague and biofilm from the tooth surface. The root planing involves detailed scaling of the root surface to decrease the inflammation of gum tissue. The peridontal instruments used for scaling and root planing are curette, sicle, peridontal files, chisel, hoe.

The equipment that should be providing for scaling:

Barriers

Glasses

Gloves

Mask

Handpieces

Rubber cup

Cup

Brushes

Gauze

Bib paper attachment

Saliva ejector (low volume suction, high volume suction)

Tray

Hand instrument

Cavitron tips

Chair set up

The steps that should be doing for set up the chair:

Wash hands

Apply mask

Apply gloves

Apply glasses

Disinfect operatory

Apply the latex gloves

Clean the suction with suction solution

Remove gloves

Remove mask

Disinfect hands

Put barriers

Go to sterilization room to pick up supplies

b. Selective polishing is used to indicate that cleaning and polishing procedures are only provided when justified by the tooth surfaces that have visible stain after scaling, and oral debridement is incomplete.
It is also known as extrinsic stain removal or selective stain removal. The most accurate term for all these procedures is selective stain removal.
In this we use rubber cap, bristle brush, an air powder polishing system and Everything depends on the needs of the patient.

Selective polishing is the procedure to polish the stained teeth which is performed on the enamel surface of the teeth. There are two types of instruments used for polishing.

Hand held polishing instruments- porte polisher, polishing strips

Engine driven instruments are - rubber caps and air powder polisher.

c. Armamentarium consist simply of a suitable tray and a fluoride gel. Different types of tray made out of polyvinyl, wax, paper or foam are available. the tray selected should include the whole of patient arch with enough depth to reach beyond the neck of the teeth and contract the alveolar mucosa to prevent The Saliva from diluting mucosa.

topical fluroides are placed directly on the teeth wich is used in dental caries, in children after eruption of tooth.In this acidulated phosphate fluroide is applied by using trays.

2. The instrument blade wears down with each swipe. Eventually the edge, which is formed by the junction of the face and the side of the instrument, become rounded. When the blade is very dull, it will reflect light. A sharp edge will not reflect light.

Explanation / Answer

Periodontology is study of supporting structure s of gingiva .It deals with gingival health.The gingival health is maintained by instruments like scaler,currete,ultrasonic scalers.The instruments required are barriers,glasses,gloves,mask,handpiece,rubber cup,cup,brushes,gauze,bib paper attachment,saliva ejector,tray,handinstrument,cavitron and chair set tip.

The chair set up is organised the dentist should first hands are washed,mask andand glas are worn on the other hand the instrument are disinfected.

There are two types of calculus supragingival and subgingival along with it altered cementum affect the gingival health the removal of this from gum or gingiva improve the condition s of gum.

Tooth scalers and scalper medicinalis were first use by romans.the scaler and curette ,chisel,files,hoe are fine instrument s used for subgingival scaling ,supragingival scaling,root planing,removal of soft tissue debris .the instrument blade if dark it does not reflect light if it is dull it may reflect light the choice of instrument is important the instrument tip should be sharp so that they can remove the that they can remove the calcified debris,plaque,dead altered cementum from subgingival root surface and debridement of soft tissue lining of pocket.the sickle scalers are use to remove the supra gingival calculus. The sickle scalers ,curette ,chisel are used for manual scaling .ultrasonic scaling can also be done which is much faster they are done with ultrasonic tip which helps in removal of calculus, tartar biofilms.the curette is used for root planing which removes altered cementum and thus reduces gum disease s and gum inflammation amd promotes gingival health.the instrument heads wears of down with each swipe the edge becomes rounded.

After this procedure of scaling and root planing often there are present few kind of stains which are removed by polishing.It can also be called selective stain removal.it is the procedure of polishing the enamel surface there are types of instrument s used Handheldpolishing -portepolisher,polishing stripEngine driven instrument - rubber caps and air powder polisher,bristle brush.

In children with deciduous tooth topical fluoride is given to prevent caries acidulated phosphate fluoride is applied directly over the teeth with help of tray .the armamentarium used are a tray suitable to fit the patient s mouth with fluoride gel which is placed over patient s mouth.the fluoride is loaded in the tray and the tray is placed in the mouth .fluoride reaches uptill the neck of teeth.Different tray are used made of polyvinyl ,wax paper or foam.

After the procedure the mask gloves should disposed intruments sterilized .

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