15. Wh ich best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voi

Question

15. Wh ich best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine? a. Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute b. Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute c. Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), whiclh in turn leads to diuresis. d. Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production. 216. The microvilli on the luminal surface of each epithelial cell in the proximal tubule wall will: a. form a brush border that increases absorptive surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. form an electrical gradient that drives the diffusion of negative ions from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid. participate in the countercurrent mechanism, which allows the contents to flow in opposite directions. increase the secretory surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. b. c. d.

Explanation / Answer

215) Option b) excess glucose spills over into urine thararby increasing the solute concetration of urine ( and decreasing the solute concetration of plasma ) which in turn leads to diuresis. because genrally the urine will not have any glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream but in glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levles most commonly due to untreated diabetes mellitus, when the blood glucose levels exceeds about 160 to 180 mg/dl the proximal tubules becomes overwhelmed and begins to excrete glucose in the urine. 216) option a)form a brush border that increases the absoption surfaace area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubules. because this micrvilli greatly increasses the luminal surface area of the cells by which faccilitating their resorptive function as well as putative flow sensing within the lumen, and these helps in the reabsorption of water nutrients and solids.

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