Question 11. You now tether the two samples between a fixed point and a force tr

Question

Question 11. You now tether the two samples between a fixed point and a force transducer. You measure the tension generated after progressively increasing the frequency of stimulation. When you find frequency at which the maximal force is generated. You stimulate at this frequency and leave juice on until the tension drops off significantly. Draw the curve for the muscle sample BEFORE training and then superimpose the curve AFTER training (6 points). Question 12. You grind up the muscle from both samples to isolate protein or RNA (whichever you prefer). Make a list of FOUR differences you expect to see in gene expression between the BEFORE and AFTER muscle samples, but only TWO can be sarcomeric proteins (explain your choices briefly, 8 points). Part 3. We have not looked DON'T at the endocrine regulation of blood calcium levels. BUT this system obeys the same basic operating principles as the K OUT, ON'T FRE blood glucose. In this case, the parathyroid gland secretes a peptide systems reguarathyroid hormone (PTH). Cells in the parathyroid gland have Ca2+ hormone capCR that governs hormone secretion. PTH increases the level of plasma inhibited GPoating the breakdown of bone by osteoclasts, reabsorption of Ca2+ from urine by the and Ca2 by act vidneys, and activation of vitamin D. Vitamin D is basically a steroid hormone that acts on the intestine ine to absorb more Ca2t, and also helps to activate absorb n 13. Maintaining Ca2+ levels within a narrow range, like regulating glucose, is an example of what basic physiological principle (one word should be sufficient here, 4 points)?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 13 Maintaing calcium levels at narrow range is known as Calcium homeostasis.

Calcium homeostasis is maintained mainly by two hormones - Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Calcitriol increases the level of calcium by absorbing it in serum .

Calcium can be absorbed in cells by passive and active processes in our body

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