201: Case Study Writing Assignment #2: Muscles and Nervous David is now two days
ID: 3508675 • Letter: 2
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201: Case Study Writing Assignment #2: Muscles and Nervous David is now two days post-operative and is recovering in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit. You recal all of the activity that occurred to save his life by treating his malignant hyperthermia. You researched thie and discovered that it is an inherited disease. While under general anesthesia, the affected person wl experience a rapid rise in body temperature and severe muscle contractions. Dr. Hodges drops by to see David and says to you, "I was impressed how you handled yourself during a very stressful situation. Good job. David's body temperature rises above normal during the surgery (hyperthermia). How doesskeletal muscle tissue contribute to body temperature? 1. When 2. During malignant hyperthermia, there is an increased amount of calcium released into the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle cells. a. What organelle stores calcium in muscles cells? Describe the events that must occur in the muscle cell before calcium is released from this organelle. b. Jaw muscle contraction (masseter spasm) is one of the key physical findings seen in David's case of malignant hyperthermia. Explain how calcium functions to cause 3. contraction of a skeletal muscle cell. Dr. Hodges notes that David's exhaled carbon dioxide levels are elevated. List all the metabolic pathways that function to synthesize ATP for skeletal muscle contraction. Which of these pathways produces carbon dioxide as a by-product? 4.Explanation / Answer
1. In maliginant hyperthermia all the muscle undergo repeated cycle of contraction and relaxation. This process is similar as to shivering which induce thermogenesis (during cold). This process utilize lot of energy by burning carbohydrate, fats and heat is released as byproduct.
2. a) Endoplasmic Reticulum ( sarcoplasmic reticulum).
b). First there is release of Neurotransmitter at synapse, it causes opening of voltage gated ion channel and generates secondary messenger. The secondary messenger bind to receptor on Endoplasmic reticulum and causes release of Calcium ( Rynodine Receptor).
3. Muscle contract because of Myosin and Actin (which is made of troponin and tropomyosin). Under resting condition Actin and Myosin does not interact as binding site of Myosin on Actin is masked. When calcium bind to Troponin it unmasks the binding site for Myosin on tropomyosin, and they interact to cause contraction. When calcium is detached the muscle relax (as binding site is masked again).
4. Both Anaerobic pathway and Aerobic pathway (of glycolysis) generate ATP, but only Aerobic pathway produces CO2 as byproduct. In anaerobic pathway there is deficiency of O2 therefore CO2 can not be produced.
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