Exercise 4-1 Organelles and Cell Structures name of the model and the structures

Question

Exercise 4-1 Organelles and Cell Structures name of the model and the structures that you were able to identify on the model inventory in Table 4.2. When you have completed this activity, answer Unit Quiz questions 1 Plasma membrane 6 Rough endoplasmic MATERIALS reticulum Cell models and diagrams Five colors of modeling clay Fetal pigs or other preserved small mammal Methylene blue dye Glass slide (blank) Distilled water Coverslip Light microscope a Phospholipid bilayer b Integral proteins c Peripheral proteins8 Lysosomes d Carbohydrates 7 Golgi apparatus 9Peroxisomes 10 Mitochondria 11 Centrioles 12 Microtubules and O Cell slides (with 2 Nucleus red blood cells, skeletal muscle, and sperm cells) a Nuclear membrane O Wooden applicator b Nuclear pores c Chromatin and sticks O Colored pencils microfilaments 13 Vesicle 14 Microvilli 15 Cilia chromosomes d Nucleolus Most cells in the body are composed of three basic parts- the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus oplasm 1. Plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is the outer 4 Ribosomes boundary of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer (FOSS-foh-lip-id) with multiple components interspersed throughout. It is a dynamic, fluid structure that acts as a selectively permeable barrier. 5 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 2. Cytoplasm. The cytoplasm (SY-toh-plazm) is the mate- TABLE 4-2 Cellular Structures Model Inventory Structures Identified rial inside the cell. It consists of three parts: cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and organelles. Cytosol (SY-toh-sahl) is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm and contains water, sol utes, enzymes, and other proteins. The cytoskeleton is a collection of protein filaments including microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. Organelles (ohr-gan-ELLZ) are specialized cellular compartments that carry out a variety of functions. Model/Diagram 3. Nucleus. The third component in nearly all cells, the large nucleus (NOO-klee-us), is the cell's biosynthetic center. Within the nucleus we find chromatin (KROH mah-tin; Figure 2.22 in your atlas), a ball-like mass of tightly coiled DNA and proteins, RNA, and a dark staining region called the nucleolus (noo-klee-OH-luss) PROCEDURE 1 Model Inventory Identify the following structures of the cell on models and diagrams, using your textbook and Figures 2.1-2.12 in your lab atlas for reference. As you examine the anatomical models and diagrams, record the

Explanation / Answer

1. Plasma membrane is phospholipid bilayer.

2. Nucleus contains dark staining region called nucleolus.

Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering which surrounds the cell membranes of cells.

The three prinicipal parts of cell are:

I. Plasma membrane: acts as barrier separating inside and outside of cell, controls flow of substances into and out of cell, helps to identify one cell to another and participates in intercellular signaling.

II. Cytoplasm: functions of cytoplasm are as follows:

a: Cytoplasm is the site of many biochemical reactions which are vital and crucial for maintaining life.

b. In cytoplasm, the cell expands and growth of the cell takes place.

c. Cytoplasm provides a medium for the organelles to remain suspended.

d. The cytoskeleton of the cytoplasm provides shape to the cell and also facilitates movement.

e. Cytoplasm aids in the movement of the different cellular elements.

f. The enzymes in the cytoplasm metabolize the macromolecules into small parts to make available for the other cellular organelles like mitochondria.

g. Cytoplasm is a means of transport for genetic material.

h. Cytoplasm transports the products of cellular respiration.

i. Cytoplasm acts as a buffer and protects the genetic material of the cell and cellular organelles from damage due to movement and collision with other cells.

III. Nucleus: it controls the functions of the entire cell by regulating gene expression. Therefore, nucleus is referred to as the control center or the brain of the cell.

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