11. Describe how sympathetic stimulation affects stroke volume for any given end

Question

11. Describe how sympathetic stimulation affects stroke volume for any given end diastolio Note: C = control (previous result) S sympathetic stimulation volume/preload volume. 12. What muscle? effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the force of contraction of cardiac 13. How does sympathetic stimulation affect heart rate? (Hint: Heart beats are indicated by the sound. Note the sound rate.) Explain why (on an ionic level). 14. How does Vagal stimulation affect the Frank-Starling "Starling" in your text) curve? 15. Describe the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate (on an ionic level).

Explanation / Answer

13.The heart is been innervated by vagal and sympathetic fibres.So therefore sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases the heart rate,inotropy and conduction velocity.

15.parasympathetic stimulation causes a marked decrease in the heart rate also a slight decrease in theheart muscle contractlity

14.a decrease in inotropy will shift the Frank starling curve downward from point A to point B.The vagal efferents have a significant inotropuc effect on the atria

12.As the ventricles fill,the myocardium stretches so that so the actin filaments overlap with the myosin at the edge of the A band.It allows more force to develop.so this explains how the heart can adjust to a rise in the TPR

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