Design a system that will allow you to estimate a numerical score for arterial \
ID: 3510319 • Letter: D
Question
Design a system that will allow you to estimate a numerical score for arterial "stiffness" in an isolated tissue specimen. The final output of your system will be a single parameter (single number) that is some estimate of the overall material properties of the artery. We know "stiffness" of an artery is a complex set of values obtained from an orthotropic, non-homogeneous, non-linear material. But as a clinical assessment tool, your test and results will be combined is some fashion to give a single number that is indicative of the overall material properties of the sample. As an extreme example, the “stiffness" parameter for a viable, normal artery would be much less than that of a cylindrical plastic or metal sample. You should describe what parameters you will be measuring and calculations used to determine the values in your calculation of the final stiffness parameter. This may include non-measured estimates for physiologically relevant parameters such as thickness, but cite your sources. Include a sketch of your design and procedure for its use, including measured variables and how other values such as stress and material moduli are calculated. Describe how you arrive at the final numerical value of "stiffness".Explanation / Answer
Arterial stiffness is defined as the rigidity of the arterial wall. There are several ways to measure arterial stiffness. Among them some have widely accepted and some have low acceptance. Some are as follows:-
a) Elastic Module-- the pressure change required for 100% stretchability of arteries (theoretically).
Arterial stiffness= P×D/D(mmHg)
b) Young modules--- it is defined as the Elastic modules per unit area. According to this arterial stiffness equal to
P×D/D×h (mmHg/cm)
c) Arterial Compliance---It is defined as the Absolute diameter or area change for a given pressure change. According to this arterial stiffness= D/P (cm/mmHg).
d) Pulse wave velocity--- It is defined as the velocity of travel of the pulse along the length of the artery. According to this theory, arterial stiffness= Distance traveled/ t (cm/s)
Other methods include stiffness index, Capacitative compliance, Oscillatory compliance etc. The most common method to measure arterial stiffness is Elastic module which requires MRI and Ultrasound.
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