What are the four organs responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis? For each organ, pleas
ID: 3510757 • Letter: W
Question
What are the four organs responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis? For each organ, please describe how the organ regulates plasma Ca2+. In addition, please discuss the role of Vitamin D in Ca2+ homeostasis.What are the four organs responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis? For each organ, please describe how the organ regulates plasma Ca2+. In addition, please discuss the role of Vitamin D in Ca2+ homeostasis.
What are the four organs responsible for Ca2+ homeostasis? For each organ, please describe how the organ regulates plasma Ca2+. In addition, please discuss the role of Vitamin D in Ca2+ homeostasis.
Explanation / Answer
The four organs involved in regulating the calcium homeostasis are,
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid gland, PTH increases the calcium levels of plasma and extra cellular fluid by increasing the absorption of calcium from gastrointestinal tract, renal tubules, and by increasing the calcium desorption from bones. PTH also increases the osteoclast activity and rise the blood calcium levels.
Calcitonin is an endocrine hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland and it is involved in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Calcitonin is released during the conditions of high calcium levels, it decreases the calcium concentration in the blood.
Bones store the calcium and release it into the circulation if necessary by bone demineralization. The intestine affects the blood calcium levels by affecting the absorption of calcium from the ingested food.
The vitamin D plays a vital role in calcium metabolism and homeostasis. During vitamin D deficiency, blood calcium levels decrease, which increase the release of parathyroid hormones. The parathyroid hormones cause increased bone resorption and raise in blood calcium, phosphate levels.
Vitamin D increases the expression of genes that code for proteins involved in intestinal absorption of calcium thus, facilitating calcium absorption. The high blood calcium levels and low vitamin D levels may indicate the tumors of parathyroid gland.
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