Using the figure below, answer the following 5 questions. 32) At which location(
ID: 3511597 • Letter: U
Question
Using the figure below, answer the following 5 questions.
32) At which location(s) would you expect to find nicotinic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
33) At which location(s) would you expect to find muscarinic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
34) At which location(s) would you expect to find adrenergic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
35) At which location(s) would you expect to find directly-gated (ionotropic) receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
36) At which location(s) would you expect to find indirectly-gated (metabotropic) receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
37) Organophosphate insecticides are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. What symptoms might you expect to observe in a patient with organophosphate poisoning due to any changes in parasympathetic activity? Choose ALL that apply.
a) decreased heart rate (bradycardia)
b) dilated pupils
c) increased blood pressure (hypertension)
d) increased salivary secretion
e) no symptoms
38) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released onto both cardiac and skeletal muscle. When ACh binds to cholinergic receptors on cardiomyocytes, slowing of the heart rate occurs; when it binds to cholinergic receptors in skeletal muscle you get increased muscle contraction. How is it possible that the same neurotransmitter can produce two different responses?
a) Because it is not the ligand (neurotransmitter) that determines the outcome, it is the receptor that the ligand binds to that determines the effect on the cell
b) Because the neurotransmitter molecules flow through the receptors into the cells and bind to different proteins that elicit different responses based on the type the cell.
c) Because the enzymes responsible for degrading the neurotransmitter molecules are different and change the activity of the neurotransmitter.
d) Because the receptors are different and change the activity of the neurotransmitter and its effect on the presynaptic cell.
e) Because there are different types of ACh which have different effects.
39) Beta blockers (beta-adrenergic antagonists) are used for a variety of medical conditions (e.g., glaucoma, heart problems, anxiety disorders). Chronic therapy with beta-blockers can lead to _______ (downregulation, upregulation) of beta-adrenergic receptor density. If a patient suddenly goes cold turkey and stops taking beta-blockers, there can be side effects due to the abrupt withdrawal, such as _______ (bradycardia, tachycardia) because of the altered sensitivity of the target cells.
a) downregulation, bradycardia
b) downregulation, tachycardia
c) upregulation, bradycardia
d) upregulation, tachycardia
40) MATCHING- Arterioles in skeletal muscle will dilate if release of norepinephrine by the autonomic nervous system __(i)____ (decreases, increases); these arterioles will constrict if release of norepinephrine ___(ii)___ (decreases, increases). This is an example of ___(iii)____ (antagonistic, synergistic, tonic) control.
MATCHING OPTIONS:
-decreases
-increases
-antagonistic
-synergistic
-tonic
Matches to:
i)
ii)
iii)
NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) CNS PNS Effector Organs Skeletal muscle Somatic 4 ANS Sympathetic Smooth muscle Gangion ANS Parasympathetic Cardiac muscle Ganglion Click the first sympathetic neuron. GlandExplanation / Answer
32) At which location(s) would you expect to find nicotinic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer:
a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3 d) location 4
Nicotinic receptors are found at:
Sympathetic ganglia (location 1), Parasympathetic ganglia (location 2), neuro-muscular junction (location 3), Postganglionic parasympathetic endings (location 4)
33) At which location(s) would you expect to find muscarinic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer: d) location 4
Muscarinic receptors are found at postganglionic parasympathetic endings on heart, cardiac muscle, glands.
34) At which location(s) would you expect to find adrenergic receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer: d) location 4
Adrenergic receptors are found at postganglionic sympathetic endings on heart, cardiac muscle, glands.
35) At which location(s) would you expect to find directly-gated (ionotropic) receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer: a) location 1 b) location 2 c) location 3
36) At which location(s) would you expect to find indirectly-gated (metabotropic) receptors? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer: d) location 4
Only found at postganglionic sympathetic endings on heart, cardiac muscle, glands.
37) Organophosphate insecticides are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. What symptoms might you expect to observe in a patient with organophosphate poisoning due to any changes in parasympathetic activity? Choose ALL that apply.
Answer:
a) decreased heart rate (bradycardia)
d) increased salivary secretion
All the symptoms are due to increased Ach level.
38) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released onto both cardiac and skeletal muscle. When ACh binds to cholinergic receptors on cardiomyocytes, slowing of the heart rate occurs; when it binds to cholinergic receptors in skeletal muscle you get increased muscle contraction. How is it possible that the same neurotransmitter can produce two different responses?
Answer:
a) Because it is not the ligand (neurotransmitter) that determines the outcome, it is the receptor that the ligand binds to that determines the effect on the cell
39) Beta blockers (beta-adrenergic antagonists) are used for a variety of medical conditions (e.g., glaucoma, heart problems, anxiety disorders). Chronic therapy with beta-blockers can lead to _______ (downregulation, upregulation) of beta-adrenergic receptor density. If a patient suddenly goes cold turkey and stops taking beta-blockers, there can be side effects due to the abrupt withdrawal, such as _______ (bradycardia, tachycardia) because of the altered sensitivity of the target cells.
Answer: b) downregulation, tachycardia
40) MATCHING- Arterioles in skeletal muscle will dilate if release of norepinephrine by the autonomic nervous system __(i)____ (decreases, increases); these arterioles will constrict if release of norepinephrine ___(ii)___ (decreases, increases). This is an example of ___(iii)____ (antagonistic, synergistic, tonic) control.
i) decreases
ii) increases
iii) tonic
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