Using this picture, describe the direct effects the following will have on gluta
ID: 3511791 • Letter: U
Question
Using this picture, describe the direct effects the following will have on glutamatergic neurotransmission (1pt ea):
Applying a drug that degrades glutamine synthetase:
Applying a drug that blocks astrocytic EAAT:
Applying a drug that enhances the activity of glutaminase:
Blocking VGLUT:
Introducing a drug that degrades glutamine:
Font 5 Paragraph G Styles Astrocyte Nerve terminal Glutamate 1 Glutamate Postsynaptic cell Glutamate receptors PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2e, Figure 8.4 © 2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. ish (United States)Explanation / Answer
When we apply a drug that degrades Glutamine synthetase(GS) then Glutamine synthetase is not available for nitrogen metabolism. In the absence of GS there is no metabolism of glutamate and ammonia and Glutamine is not formed. Glutamine is important for GABA synthesis, protein synthesis and osmoregulation. So when Glutamine is not produced there is no GABA production & osmoregulation is disrurbed. Degradation of GS increases the levels of glutamate and ammonia in CNS and it causes CNS toxicity which leads to seizures, multi organ failure, brain malfunction etc.
When we apply a drug that blocks astrocytic EAAT then there will be no release of glutamate and ATP and hence Glutamine will not be formed.
When we apply a drug that enhances the activity of glutaminase: Glutaminase generates glutamate from Glutamine. The enhanced activity of glutaminase will lead to more glutamate and enhanced neurotransmission.
VGLUT are the transporters which mediate glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles for gluatamatergic neurotransmission. Blocking VGLUT stops glutamate uptake in synaptic vesicles which disrupts gluatametergic neurotransmission.
Glutamine is important as it is a precursor of neurotransmitter glutmate. If glutamine is degraded then glutamate is decreased which leads to its less uptake in synaptic vesicles which disrupts glutametergic neurotransmissiom.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.