47. In taking a patient\'s blood pressure, the artery most commonly used is te a

Question

47. In taking a patient's blood pressure, the artery most commonly used is te a) Radial b) Brachial c) Femoral d) Carotid e) None of the above 48. Which of these structures returns blood to the right atrium a) Coronary sinus b) Inferior vena cava c) Superior vena cava d) Both b and c e) All of these are correct 49. Action potentials pass from one cardiac muscle cell to another a) through gap junctions b) by a special cardiac nervous system c) Because of the large voltage of the action potentials d) Because of the plateau phase of the action potentials e) by neurotransmitters 50. The bulk of the heart wall is a) Epicardium b) Pericardium c) Myocardium d) Endocardium e) Exocardium

Explanation / Answer

Answers:

47) b - The artery most commonly used for recording blood pressure is the brachial artery.

This is mainly due to location of the artery since its pulse can be felt clearly from the anterior aspect of the elbow and hence can be recorded on a sphygmomanometer easily. Another location for recording blood pressure is the femoral artery from the thigh.

Radial and carotid arteries are mainly used to palpate and record the arterial pulse of which the carotid pulse is assessed while giving a CPR.

48) e

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from all the tissues and organs of the body through the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus.

The superior vena cava receives blood from the head, neck, arms and the upper thorax. The inferior vena cava receives blood from the lower half of the body that is from below the level of the heart. the special circulation of the heart is called coronary circulation equipped with coronary arteries and coronary veins among which the veins collectively form the coronary sinus and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

49) a

The heart muscles are interconnected end to end with the help of intercalated disks. Gap junctions are situated adjacent to the intercalated disks which allow action potentials to be transmitted from one cell to next.

50) c Myocardium

The pericardium forms the outermost layer of the heart which consists of two layers; the thick outer layer called fibrous pericardium and the thin inner layer called the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium is divided into two layers called the outer parietal layer and the inner visceral layer ( epicardium) separated by a cavity filled with fluid.

The main bulk of the heart wall; the myocardium consists of a thick muscular layer and is found with the pericardial layers and the endocardium is found interior to the myocardium and this lines the inner wall of the heart chambers in direct contact with blood.

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