Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Case #1 A sixty-five year old female presents t

Question

Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Case #1 A sixty-five year old female presents to the clinic complaining, "I can't see well." She reports halos and glare, especially at night. She has no other complaints and denies any previous intraocular surgery or eye diseases. Past medical and surgical histories are non-contributory. Visual acuity is 20/100 OU best corrected to 20/50 OD and 20/60 OS. Intraocular pressure is 12 mmHg OD by applanation. Slit lamp is remarkable for nuclear sclerosis. Indirect fundus examination is unremarkable. Potential acuity meter yields a best corrected vision of 20/20 OU. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the pathogenesis to this condition? . What is the treatment of choice? List the two general types of intraocular lenses that can be implanted and describe their respective properties. List the different types of materials used in the past and present to synthesize these intraocular lenses. Why were these materials used and not others?

Explanation / Answer

Ans.

The most likely diagnosis is CATARACT as the patient report of halos and glare, visual acuity is not proper and there is nuclear sclerosis.

Ans.

Pathogenesis of Cataract: Eye lens is made up of proteins. They have relatively xenobiotic metabolism. Because of light and radiation stress there is alteration of genetic code in the epithelial cells of the eye lens which leads to defective cells. As these defective cells can not be removed they are degraded by apoptosis or necrosis or they are moved to the Posterior capsular area where they form Posterior subcapsular Cataract. Ageing also reduces the metabolic efficiency of the lens due to which it becomes weak and susceptible to various harmful factors.

Ans.

The treatment of Cataract: It can be treated by doing a cataract surgery where the clouded lens is removed and replaced by a clear artificial intraocular lenses(IOLs).

Ans.

The two types of intraocular lenses which can be used are:

Ans.

The materials used to make IOLs include, Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA), hydrophobic acrylate, hydrophilic acrylate, Collamer, Silicone. PMMA was the first material to be used in manufacturing IOLs.

These materials are soft, foldable and inert and this property allows the lens to be folded and inserted in eye through a small incision.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse O
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.