ase Hi chronically swollen finger joints over the past 6 months. She tells you t
ID: 3514285 • Letter: A
Question
ase Hi chronically swollen finger joints over the past 6 months. She tells you that the swelling and pain are usually most severe in the morning, but do resolve within a couple of hours. Physical exam reveals swelling of the PIP and MCP joints of both hands, story: A 72-year-old woman presents to your office complaining of ulnar deviation of the fingers (see figure). You order blood test for this lady suspecting an autoimmune disorder Answer the following questions with the information from the case hist a) DMARDs are used for the above disease (Rheumatoid arthritis). Outline t mechanism of action of Humira® (Adalimumab), Orencia® (Abatacept) and Keljanz® (Tofacitinib), (7 points)Explanation / Answer
A.Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the main treatment for RA. They are a diverse collection of drugs, grouped by use and convention. They primerly improve symptoms, decrease joint damage, and improve overall functional abilities. DMARDs should be started early in the disease as they result in disease remission in approximately half of people and improved outcomes overall.The following drugs are considered as DMARDs: methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, leflunomide, TNF-alpha inhibitors (certolizumab, infliximab and etanercept), abatacept, and anakinra. Rituximab and tocilizumab are monoclonal antibodies and are also DMARDs.
B.The development of blood in a person's stool results from a variety of conditions, which can be divided into major categories of disease. These broad categories include cancerous processes or abnormal structure of bowel wall, inflammatory disease, colitis caused by infection or medications and vascular compromise.
Cancer (neoplasm)
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