HOMEWORK 4: MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY (from Chapter 12)- 30 points Due April 9, 2018 1.
ID: 3514334 • Letter: H
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HOMEWORK 4: MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY (from Chapter 12)- 30 points Due April 9, 2018 1. Give a brief description of the following types of skeletal muscle fibers: a. Slow oxidative b. Fast oxidative c. Fast glycolytic 2. Compare and contrast the three types of skeletal muscle fibers according to the following properties: a. Amount of mitochondria and capacity to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Which type of fiber has more? b. Glycolytic enzymes what is the role of these enzymes, which fibers have more? c. Myoglobin content what is the role of this molecule? Which type of fiber has more? d. Speed of contraction which contracts the fastest? e. Which fiber is bulkier, and why? f. Which type of fiber fatigue more rapidly, and why? g. Which fibers are darker in color, and why? 3. What is/are the effect(s) of aerobic exercise? 4. What is/are the effect(s) of high-intensity exercise?Explanation / Answer
1. a. Slow oxidative muscle fibres are fibres that do not get easily fatigued. They are made so because they are responsible for function of London duration like postural muscles , muscles for long run.They use oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
b. Fast oxidative muscle fibres are fibres that get fatigued easily. They are responsible for action like sprinting. They use oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP.
c. Fast glycolytic fibres get fatigued easily, they generate ATP by anaerobic phosphorylation and are the earliest fatigue getting muscles.
2. a. Amount of mitochondria is huge in fast and slow oxidative fibres and very few in glycolytic fibres. The highest capacity to generate ATP is of slow oxidative followed by fast oxidative further followed by fast glycolytic.
b. Glycolytic enzymes are the most in fast glycolytic, then fast oxidative and least in slow oxidative. Their function is to break down glucose to generate ATP.
c. Fast oxidative - high
Slow oxidative - high
Fast glycolytic - low
The role of this molecule is to bind oxygen and transport it to muscle fibres.
d. Contraction velocity is fast in both type of fast muscles and slower in slow oxidative.
e. Bulkiest- Fast glycolytic
Bulkier- fast oxidative
Least - slow oxidative
It defines their ability to hold tension. As per bulkiness they can handle the maximum of strength and thus they are developed so.
f. Fast glycolytic fatigue more rapidly because they are all burst out fibres and run out of ATP really early. Thus they get fatigued most early, followed by fast oxidative and then slow oxidative.
g. Oxidative fibres are darker in color that too slow are more darker. This is because of abundant capillary and myoglobin concentration which provides them characterstic pink red color. Glycolytic fibres are white.
3. Aerobic exercise result in a increase in capillary, mitochondria and myoglobin content thus increasing the muscle endurance.
4. High intensity exercise leads to increase in size and number of muscle fibres and increase in glycogen content thus improving the strength.
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