Jessica went to her physician complaining of fatigue and mentioned that she had

Question

Jessica went to her physician complaining of fatigue and mentioned that she had been experiencing heavier menstruations over the past several months. He mentioned that she had mitral valve prolapse, but didn't think that was the cause of her fatigue and advised her take more iron in her diet while they waited for the blood test results. However, a subsequent ECG revealed that she had atrial fibrillation, which he said might also explain her fatigue. The physician prescribed a drug called rivaroxaban, and told Jessica that she should perhaps exercise more moderately and that she should definitely stop smoking.

Some of the new terms and concepts you will encounter include:

Anemia, blood clotting factors, heart valves and heart sounds

Electrocardiogram and heart arrhythmias

Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and cardiovascular diseases

essica experienced heavy menstruations and fatigue, and her blood was tested.

How might heavy menstruation and fatigue be related?

How might a blood test help to diagnose the cause of Jessica's fatigue?

Jessica was prescribed rivaroxaban, a drug that inactivates factor X.

What is the action of factor X?

Would the drug interfere with the intrinsic or extrinsic clotting pathway?

Jessica was told that she has a mitral valve prolapse.

What is a mitral valve prolapse, and where on the chest might it best be heard?

Is it likely that Jessica's fatigue is due to her mitral valve prolapse?

Jessica was told that she has atrial fibrillation and experienced fatigue, and the physician prescribed rivaroxaban.

How might atrial fibrillation explain Jessica's fatigue?

What is the major danger of atrial fibrillation, and how does rivaroxaban help?

The physician told Jessica that she had atrial fibrillation.

What is atrial fibrillation, and how does it appear on an ECG?

What is the major danger of atrial fibrillation, and how did Jessica's physician address this?

Explanation / Answer

1. Heavy menstruation & fatigue is related as more the blood loss more the iron & vitamin deficiency it leads to condition like anemia where iron level in blood becomes low and the oxygen saturation level decrease which leads to fatigue.

2. Factor X plays an important role in blood clotting and decrease blood flow in menstruation time.

3. Yes, factor X would definitely interfere with intrinsic pathway of clotting.

4.mitral valve prolapse is condition where the valve between upper & lower left chamber of heart is improperly closed.

It can be heard over the left superior side of sternum as a cardiac murmur.

5. Yes, mitral valve prolapse will lead to fatigue of patient. Because it will lead to changes in cardiac rhythm. Which further leads to un appropriate oxygen dissociation of blood.

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