2Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the structure and function of

Question

2Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the structure and function of neurons? (a) Unipolar neurons have multiple processes that arise from their cell bodies b) Sensory neurons can be either unipolar or bipolar in structure (c) Motor neurons carry information about the stimuli in the environment into the central nervous system d) A bipolar neuron has one cell body and two processes, one that resides in the periphery and one that resides in the central nervous system 3. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the resting membrane potential? (a) Resting membrane potential is usually at -70 mV (b) The interior of the nerve is more positive relative to the outside (c)Depolarization changes the resting membrane potential so that Na+ ions rush into the interior of the neuron, making it more positive (d) At resting membrane potential, the charge distribution is maintained with the Nat/K+ ion exchange pump 4. When threshold stimulus has been reached, voltage-gated potassium channels open and allow potassium ions to rush into the neuron, causing that section of the neuron to be depolarized (a) True (b False

Explanation / Answer

2. D
The bipolar neurons have one process which then divides into 2: one goes to the spinal cord (CNS) and other end to the sensory receptors in the periphery. They are specialised sensory neurons which carry the sense as well as the response.

3. B
The interior of the nerve is in negative ( -70) and when sodium influx happens, the interior advances towards becoming positive and depolarization happens due to the positive charge.

4. B
Reaching the threshold causes voltage gated sodium channels to open and cause depolarization due to influx of Na+, not potassium.

5. C
When too much potassium leaves the neuron, the interior turns more negative than the resting membrane potential and this is known as hyperpolarization. It is different than repolarization as in the later, the potassium only leaves to bring the neuron back to resting membrane potential.

6. A
Myelin acts as insulation from the electric charge between nodes of Ranvier. Hence, the conduction jumps from one node to another, skipping the insulated myelin sheths.

7. A
The sequence says it all.

8. B
EPSPs are the postsynaptic potentials which increase the changes of generating another action potential. Multiple synaptic potentials coming together is called summation.

9. C
The Dopamine plays major role in both motivation as well as motor functions. There are various groups of dopaminergic cells. Out of these cells, the dopaminergic neurons found in pars compacta of substantia nigra in midbrain is reponsible for motor function. If neurons here are damaged, it results in Parkinsonism. Dopaminergic neurons found in Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) are responsible for reward- motivation behavior.

10. A
Originating from different parts, leading to same neuron is convergence. A neuron having single axon which may branch out at several points is divergence.

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