1. Anatomy of the kidney (include gross and microscopic structure, as well as bl

Question

1. Anatomy of the kidney (include gross and microscopic structure, as well as blood vessels, glomerulus, and nephron anatomy) 2. Physiology of the kidney for each of the following Overall functional summary of the nephron, including the processes of filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and how the final volume/solute concentration of urine is controlled a. b. Function of each of the parts of the nephron (glomerulus, PCT, nephron loop, DCT, collecting duct) C. Function of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus d. The micturition reflex

Explanation / Answer

1. Kidneys are the bean shaped structure. Each kidney is surrounded by a renal capsule. The outer part of the kidney is known as cortex and inner part is known as medulla. The medulla is divided into conical masses known as medullary pyramids. Extension of renal cortex which separates the pyramids is known as column of Bertini. Renal artery provides blood to the kidneys whereas renal veins carry blood away from the kidneys.

The structural and the functional unit of the kidneys are known as nephrons. Each nephron is made up of glomerulus and renal tubule. Glomerulus consists of tuft of capillaries. Glomerulus is enclosed in a cup- shaped structure known as Bowman’s capsule. The highly coiled structure forms the renal tubule. The first part of the tubule is known as proximal convoluted tubule, then the next comes the loop of henle, then the distal convoluted tubule and finally the collecting duct.

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