3. Describe the the developmental relationship that arises between the ventral r

Question

3. Describe the the developmental relationship that arises between the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve and the muscles of limbs. Describe the differences between the nerves of the limbs and the nerves of the trunk wall. Limb Design 1. In the columns below describe the similarities and the differences between the bones and joints of the upper limb and the bones and joints of the lower limb. Describe the major functional differences that arise as a result of the structural differences in the upper and lower limb. Similarities 2. Describe the major structural difference in the limbs of premammalian vertebrates and mammals. Draw some simple diagrams to illustrate and explain the bone-muscle-nerve relationships in the different groups

Explanation / Answer

The ventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs.

There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: the cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C4. Branches of the cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest. The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. This plexus innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L4-S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, also supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments, and joins other spinal nerves to form the lumbo-sacral plexus.

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