Vascular Know the general pathway of blood through body. Names of all the great
ID: 3515337 • Letter: V
Question
Vascular Know the general pathway of blood through body. Names of all the great vessels and where they go to/ come out of: Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk and arteries, Pulmonary veins, Superior and Inferior Vena Cava. Velocity of blood flow vs. total cross-sectional area. Blood moves down pressure gradient- where pressures are highest and where lowest. Hormonal control of arteries and local control of arterioles: active hyperemia and reactive hyperemia -causes and results. Skeletal muscle& respiratory pumps for venous return. What does the blood pressure represent and what are you actually listening for? Why are the blood pressure sounds not the same as the heart sounds?Explanation / Answer
Ans.
Blood pressure is pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It is measured in mmHg. Blood pressure is expressed in terms of systolic blood pressure over diastolic blood pressure. A normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Systolic pressure is the top number which indicates amount of pressure in arteries during contraction of heart muscle. Diastolic pressure is the bottom number which indicates blood pressure when heart muscle is at rest between beats.
While measuring blood pressure, we are listening for KOROTKOFF SOUNDS. The first sound heard is systolic blood pressure, it represents the heart contracting and pushing the blood out against the artery in the arm. The second sound heard is diastolic blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.
Blood pressure sounds ( KOROTKOFF SOUNDS) are not same as heart sounds (LUB & DUB SOUNDS) because of vibrations inside the ventricles which happens because of closing of valves. The LUB sound (also called as S1) happens because of closing of atrioventricular valves ( Mitral & Tricuspid valve) and the DUB sound ( also called as S2) happens because of closing of semilunar valve ( Aortic & Pulmonary valve). LUB & DUB sounds are also called as primary sounds. There are other sounds also in heart like Heart murmurs and gallop sound (S3 & S4). Heart murmur happens because of turbulent flow of blood in heart, it also happens because of backflow of blood in heart.
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