given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propo
ID: 3515984 • Letter: G
Question
given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propose a mexhanism of action for this hormone given that it leads to increase in calcium levels. draw a negative feedback loop. given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propose a mexhanism of action for this hormone given that it leads to increase in calcium levels. draw a negative feedback loop. given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propose a mexhanism of action for this hormone given that it leads to increase in calcium levels. draw a negative feedback loop. given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propose a mexhanism of action for this hormone given that it leads to increase in calcium levels. draw a negative feedback loop. given that hormone x is prodynced by an endocrine gland is a glycoprotein, propose a mexhanism of action for this hormone given that it leads to increase in calcium levels. draw a negative feedback loop.Explanation / Answer
i. It is given that a glycoprotein hormone is produced by an endocrine gland. Since it is a peptide hormone, it can not cross the lipid bilayer. So, it will bind to the membrane receptor (GPCR).
ii. GPCR activates phospholipase-C.
iii. PLC hydrolyzes PIP2 to produce DAG and IP3.
iv. DAG recruits PKC to the membrane.
v. IP3 diffuses to the R and binds to IP3 receptors on the ER membrane.
vi. The IP3 receptors function as a calcium ion channel and release Ca+2 ions from ER upon IP3 binding.
vii. Ca+2 levels may rise up to 500-1000 nM
viii. Ca+2 ions bind to PKC and activate it leading to downstream signaling cascade.
Negative feedback loop (Autoregulation) ensures that the signal is terminated after a while. These negative regulators are the downstream target molecules of the Ca+2 signaling pathway. These proteins bind to upstream regulators and inhibit them. Many phosphatases or kinases are the exampleofor these types of regulatory molecules.
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