Question 24 Which of the following responses would be expected from an endurance
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Question 24
Which of the following responses would be expected from an endurance training program?
A.
decreased number of mitochondria in type I fibers
B.
decreased capillary density in type I fibers
C.
increased Krebs Cycle enzymes in type I fibers
D.
increased glycolytic enzymes in type IIx fibers
E.
decreased beta oxidation enzymes
Question 28
An athlete is doing aerobic cycling training (for many months) with her left leg only. Which of the following is probably true? Select all that apply.
A.
Her right leg will have a lower mitochondrial density compared to her left leg.
B.
Her right leg will have a greater fat oxidation capacity.
C.
Adrenaline concentrations and sympathetic nervous system activity will be greater when cycling with her left leg at the same Watts as compared to her right leg.
D.
Her right leg will recruit more fast-twitch muscle fibers and produce more acidity compared to her left leg at the same Watts.
E.
Her right leg will create more lactic acid compared to her left leg at the same intensity.
F.
Her heart rate will be higher when cycling with her right leg compared to her left leg at the same Watts.
Question 29
Which is true concerning the partial pressure for oxygen (PO2)?
A.
Is highest in systemic arteries
B.
Is reduced by half in the heart
C.
Is lowest in the lungs after inspiration
D.
Is lowest in the tissues
E.
None of the above are true
Question 30
Which of the following is not a reason stroke volume increases with acute exercise or exercise training?
A.
Increase preload (EDV)
B.
Increase plasma volume
C.
Increase venous return
D.
Increase muscle blood flow
E.
Increase afterload or peripheral resistance
Question 31
Improvements in VO2max within the first week of training can be mostly attributed to an increase in...
A.
a-v O2 difference.
B.
mitochondrial density.
C.
heart rate.
D.
plasma volume.
A.
decreased number of mitochondria in type I fibers
B.
decreased capillary density in type I fibers
C.
increased Krebs Cycle enzymes in type I fibers
D.
increased glycolytic enzymes in type IIx fibers
E.
decreased beta oxidation enzymes
Explanation / Answer
Ans 24-) Endurance training program is the type of exercise program that helps ability to withstand stress , pain and fatigue over a period of time by increasing or boosting cardiovascular and muscular health. It is the aerobic type of exercise program.
Response of endurance training program is accompanied by number of physiological changes to improve muscle function and also performance of exercise. During endurance training program there is increase in size and number of mitochondria and increase in muscle capillary density. Endurance training increases several enzymes that increases aerobic activity.
Most correct response from above options is (C) Increased krebs cycle enzymes in type I fibers.
28-) Her right leg will recruit more fast twitch muscle fibers creating more acidity and her right leg will form more lactic acid when exercising with same intensity. D and E are correct.
Heart rate will not be affected by change in side of exercise. Also the adrenaline and autonomic activity will be same while doing activity with any side leg. Doing exercise cycling with one leg will also improve the performance of other leg also.
29-) Partial pressure is the amount of pressure exerted by one particular gas in a mixture of gases, higher concentration of gas exhibits higher pressure.
Partial pressure of oxygen is lowest in tissues at about 40mm of Hg because of continuous use of oxygen in cellular respiration. If it is not low as compared to partial pressure of oxygen in blood which is 100 mm of Hg then a pressure gradient wil not be formed to travel oxygen and dissociate from hemoglobin.
30-) Stroke volume is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle to the body. Stroke volume gets increased with the type of exercise specially aerobic exercise.
Afterload is the load that heart does on the blood ejected. With increase in afterload there is increased end systolic volume due to increased aortic pressure. This results in decrease in stroke volume, according to Frank starling law curve which shifts to right and down with increased afterload and so decreased stroke volume. Hence option E is correct.
31-) Improvements in VO2max can be mostly attributed to an increase in (A) a-vo2 difference. and (C) heart rate
a-vo2 is arteriovenous difference which is the difference in oxygen content of blood in arterial and venous blood. a-vo2 difference and cardiac output are the factors that allows improvements or attributions in body toatl oxygen consumption as VO2 max. Cardiac output increases heart rate and so starting minute of exercise will be attributed from heart rate as well.
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