Ms. Y is a 31-year-old woman who reported to her physician that she has recently

Question

Ms. Y is a 31-year-old woman who reported to her physician that she has recently lost weight, always seems tired, and has experienced night sweats. A few months ago, she had noticed a small firm lump on her neck that was painless and not tender, so she ignored it. Closer physical examination revealed a swelling of several lymph nodes in the neck and throat region. A blood test indicated a decreased lymphocyte count and a lymph node biopsy revealed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, confirming the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Discussion Questions 1. Relate the pathophysiologic changes to the manifestations and lab results. (See Hodgkin's Disease/Lymphoma—Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms.) 2. Discuss the four stages of the disease based on the Ann Arbor staging system, and determine which stage the patient is probably in. Discuss the prognosis. (See Pathophysiology—Staging Systems.) 3. Discuss the treatment options for this patient. (See Treatment.) 4. Discuss the differences between Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas. (See Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.)

Explanation / Answer

1.Hodgkin's lymphoma is a rare cancer of lymphatic system that affects groups of lymph nodes such as those found in the neck, armpits or groin. The B cell multiple at an abnormal rate and accumulate in the lymph nodes. These are referred to as Reed sternberg cell and they are detected on microscopic examination of a lymph node biopsy. This disease is most common among men than women.

The cause of hodgkin's lymphoma is not yet understood abd the majority pf patients who develop this condition do not have risk factor. However several factors are included that become cause of hodgkin's lymphoma are: Reduced immunity: patient with HIV or taking immunosuppresive drugs are higher at risk of disease.

Previous exposure to Epstein bar virus causes higher risk of hodgkin's lymphoma later in life.

Symptoms:swelling in the areas of body where lymph nodes are present. Although swelling is painless and it can cause an itching sensation in some individuals. Other symptoms are fever, weight loss, night swe, coughing, fatigue and itchy skin.

2. At the 3 stage.

3. The treatment of hodgkin's lymphoma is depend on the stage of cancer.Treatments includes chemotherapy, radiation in some caes and stem cell therapy .

4.The main difference between hodgkin's and non hodgkin's the presence of specific type of abnormal cell . This is calles as Reed- Sternberg cells in case of hodgkin's lymphoma and absent in non hodgkin's lymphoma.

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