The attached flow chart describes the factors that influence blood flow. There a

Question

The attached flow chart describes the factors that influence blood flow. There are 6 points in the flow chart that represent factors that can be modified by one or more regulatory mechanisms. They are labeled 1-6 and are highlighted in red. Your task is to describe what mechanisms can be used to modify each of these factors. You should consider local control, nervous system, and endocrine system regulation. Be sure to describe the mechanisms: for example, if you are discussing a hormone, explain what the hormone does to cause the factor to change, and if you are discussing the nervous system, make sure to explain what is targeted and how the targeted cell activities change to adjust the factor.

F-I CAP Flow Fo( Poulseilles Lau) Rate Rpe to Blood :G-TR-?vesalYadlus Factes In fluenain Blood Floo F low Rate oSlu Aleckd B Pressure Gradent Ap ? Res' stare to Flow GR mean fktenal SSu TA -minus-h Rodius Niscos Atrial pressure. enakh Reflex Local ContolCont Blood Volume ArtkriesAcknes Flow into Flow out de lermined HerRate Insk He Total Blood Aderta Nolume Cre Dishibuhon 1??Passive (Frank-Staling Law) ???modulated. Venous Ou L-Sake oto (CO volr?

Explanation / Answer

1-

For the reflex control, Nitric Oxide plays important role. High NO causes more blood to flow through vasodialtion. The autonomic nervous system is the main part in reflex control. That is a very wide area, which includes paraganglionic nerve fibers, cranial nerves, and autonomic ganglion.

2-

The local control plays important role for regulation of the resistance. The local control here is paracrines secretion by local tissues. These paracrines include CO2, O2 and NO. For example, if a tissue is involving in high aerobic condition, then the O2 level gets down and CO2 level increased. This causes vasodilation in that area and helps in increasing more blood.

3-

Again modulation of heart rate regulates by Autonomous nerve system using Acetylcholine.

4--

Stroke volume regulates by end-diastolic and end systolic pressure and volumes. Both involve in Preload, afterload and Inotropy, which directly reflect the systolic volume.

5-

Total blood volume regulates by kidney through the absorption and reabsorption. The kidney controls it through water and sodium absorption and flow in urine.

6-

Arterial venous distribution is mainly controls by sympathetic adrenergic response.

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