of gastrie ju before they can invade l backed by internal defense tion in both a
ID: 3516337 • Letter: O
Question
of gastrie ju before they can invade l backed by internal defense tion in both a specifi s, such as phagocytosi and nonspecific manner (table h l 15.1 DEFENSE MECHANISMS Each individual can acquire the abilityble by prior exposure to those pathoe Nonspecific immune protection is provided by such mech- specific hoe immune response is a f anisms as phagocytosis, fever, and the release of inter adaptive, or sifc a funchon o ferons. Specific immunity, which involves the functions of phocytes. Inte ymphocytes, is directed at specific molecules or parts of nisms funct molecules known as antigens. specific and nonspecific defe ether to combat infection, wth interacting in a coordinated effort with phagocui yimph ctures and Defense Mechanisms of Nonspecific (Innate) Immuni Structure Mechanisms Extenal Skin Piacar ber t pnetration by pathogens: secretions contain yeosyme (enzyme that destron bacteria) Digestive tract Respiratory tract Genitourinary tract Acidity of urine; vaginal lactic acid High acidity of stomach; protection by normal bacterial population of colon Secre tion of mucus; movement of mucus by cilia; alveolar macrophages Internal Phagocytic cells Interferons Complement proteins Endogenous pyrogen Ingest and destroy bacteria, cellular debris, denatured proteins, and toxins Inhibit replication of viruses Promote destruction of bacteria; enhance inflammatory response Secreted by leukocytes and other cells; produces fever Destroy cells infected with viruses, tumor cells, and mismatched transplanted tissue cells Natural killer (NK) cells Mast cells Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation, and cytokines that promote adaptive imExplanation / Answer
As given in the question itself, there are two types of nonspecific defense mechanisms namely external and internal. Most important external defence mechanism is skin. Skin provides a wide range of protection to the internal body tissues and organs. It provides a physical barrier to different bacteria and viruses and other disease causing agents. Other external defence mechanisms include digestive tract with its acid secreting properties, Respiratory tract with its mucus secreting property etc. These mechanisms prevent the pathogens to enter into the cells and tissue of the body and prevent further pathogenesis.
Internal mechanisms include neutrophils, white blood cells, phagocytes, compliment system, T-Cell, B-cell, natural killer cells etc. Phagocytes engulf the pathogens and destroy them. Compliment system secrets some proteins for the destruction of pathogens. T-Cell and B-cell formed in thymus and bone marrow respectively. There occurs a series of reaction for the activation of natural killer cells to inhibit the pathogenesis. Mast cells prevent the pathogenesis of allergens by secreting histamine and cytokines. Histamine and cytokines prevent inflammatory reactions occur due to allergens.
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