×(O cardiovascu s? D Lecture Stud ×Yo Lecture Stud x( Lecture Stud X° Lecture St
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×(O cardiovascu s? D Lecture Stud ×Yo Lecture Stud x( Lecture Stud X° Lecture Stud tD Lecture ownloads/Lecture%20Study%20Guide%20Ch%2012%20Cardiovascular%20Part%203%20of%203%20PHYS%2012% Content Questions 1. Describe the structure of blood as a connective tissue: cells suspended in an extracellular matrix. What types of cells? What are the components of the extracellular matrix? 2. Describe the characteristics of red blood cells. How do RBCs differ from skeletal muscle cells in both farm , and function? a Wha is hgeafunction or purpose of ser eneal 4. What is the general function or purpose of platelets? S. What are the most common types of plasma proteins? What roles or purposes do they serve? (Very generally) 6. What gases are transported in blood? From where to where? 7. What are some waste products that are transported in blood? From where to where? 8. Nutrients are transported in blood. Give two examples 9. What are hematophagous invertebrates and why would natural selection endow them with anticoagulant saliva? 10. Draw a molecule of hemoglobin, How many polypeptide chains are there? How many hemes are there? 11. How many molecules of Oz can bind to one molecule of hemoglobin? 12. What happens during oxygen-loading? Where in the body does oxygen-loading occur? 13. What happens during oxygen-unloading? Where in the body does oxygen-unloading occur? 14. Explain why hemoglobin is characterized as a metalloprotein 15. In an adult, where does red bone marrow occur? 16. Explain what's meant by the term pluripotent stem cel 17. Explain why people living at higher altitudes tend to have higher hematocrits (higher proportion of RBCs in blood) 18. How does the kidney influence hemopoiesis? 19. What's the average lifespan of an RBC? Why is it so short, relative to other cell types? 20. What is the fate of an older, worn-out RBC? Where does it go? What happens to it? 21. What happens to the iron that is removed from the heme during hemoglobin recycling? 22. Why is blood red? Why is bile green? Why is urine yellow? And why are feces brown? 23. What is jaundice? What piement causes the characteristic color? Explain why jaundice sugeests that the liver is not functioning properly. 24 What does the term hemostasis mean? What are the three mechanisms of hemostasis? 25. What triggers vascular spasm? How does vascular spasm co 26. What events occur during the platelet release reaction and how do they contribute to 27, What is fibringeen? Where is it oroduced? MacBook AiExplanation / Answer
1). Whole blood is a fluid connective tissue, which contains fluid called “plasma,” in which the cells of blood are suspended. Thus, the two major components of blood are,
Plasma constitutes about 50 to 60% of total blood volume. It contains approximately 91% of water; this maintains the viscosity of the blood. Plasma transports blood cells and platelets along with hundreds of other substances such as hormones, vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients. Plasma is used to study the coagulation factors and glucose levels. The plasma without clotting factors is known as “serum.” The serology testing requires the serum.
Blood cells (formed elements) are of three types namely,
Red blood cells (RBC’s) have a respiratory pigment called “haemoglobin.” The haemoglobin molecules occupy about 1/3rd of the volume of an RBC.
White blood cells or leucocytes. It is classified into two groups, granulocytes and agranulocyte.
Agranulocytes are often referred as mononuclear leukocytes with a single nuclear lobe and featured by cells without granules in the cytoplasm. Whereas the granulocytes are characterized by the presence of granules in the cytoplasm and these are considered structurally as polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets (thrombocytes). Thromboplastin liberated from platelets is essential for clotting. Clotting of blood (coagulation or haemostasis) is a defence mechanism that protects the body from haemorrhage.
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