Integrative Physiology a.) What do the chemoreceptors respond to? (List central

Question

Integrative Physiology

a.) What do the chemoreceptors respond to? (List central and peripheral chemoreceptors separately)

b.) When chemoreceptors are activated, what is the result in the breathing rate?

c.) What will that result do to the blood gasses (PO2 and PCO2)?

d.) The baroreceptors have a constant firing rate when the blood pressure is normal. What happens to them when the blood pressure drops?

e.) What does the baroreceptor reflex work through (or stimulate) in response to the decrease in blood pressure?

f.) The chemoreceptor reflex also has the effect of increasing the TPR in the cardiovascular system. Why would this be of benefit when the CO2 levels in the blood rise? (considering vascular response to CO2)

Explanation / Answer

(a)chemoreceptors respond to the fluctuation in chemical substances important to respiration.

Peripheral chemoreceptors include carotid and aortic bodies .Central chemoreceptors include medullary neurons and pons region.

(B) chemoreceptors act according to the concentration of gases in the blood and send appropriate signals for that.They Send feedback in response to the increased or decreased amount of carbon dioxide in blood and accordingly breathing rate changes.

(C)chemoreceptors act by giving feedback in response to the increased pH in the blood due to high carbon dioxide concentration.Ventilatory muscles are activated in response to increased carbon dioxide to increase breathing frequency and tidal volume.when the carbondiocarbo level is low chemoreceptors send negative feedback in order to decrease the breathing rate.

(D)Decreased blood pressure decreases baroreflex activation and causes heart rate to increase and restore the blood pressure levels.

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