Case Study on Endocrine Physiology A female in her early 20’s recently notices t

Question

Case Study on Endocrine Physiology

A female in her early 20’s recently notices that she has to get up two or more times a night to urinate. Soon thereafter she notices she has to urinate much more frequently during the day as well, up to every two hours. Because she assumed her increased trips to the bathroom were a result of her caffeinated soda beverage drinking, she stopped drinking her twice daily Pepsi. However, even after this she still notices the same symptoms of frequent urination. She also notices that her urine is more colorless or pale in appearance. After running some tests you see her blood osmolarity is 308 mOsm/L and her urine is 175 mOsm/L. You come to the conclusion that of one of three diseases is likely affecting her. To make an accurate diagnosis you perform another urine test and a blood test on her. Tell me at least two diseases she could potentially have and what you would examine in the urine and blood to make a positive diagnosis to discriminate between these two (e.g. what would you see in the blood and urine that would be different for each disease in order to distinguish between them).

Explanation / Answer

The most important differential diagnosis of frequent urination is

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes includes

Let us take diabetes mellitus as a whole and diabetes individual

For diabetes mellitus we will look for blood glucose level.and glucose in urine.if at any stage the random glucose is more than 200 mg in.blood it is diabetes mellitus

In diabetes insipidus ,there is deficiency of ADH hormons.d ue which there is lack of absorption in DCT .decreased Sodium level in blood and increased sodium level in urine will indicate towards deficiency of ADH.so we will look for these investigation

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